Charles Chamberland

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Charles Édouard Chamberland around 1880

Charles Édouard Chamberland (born March 12, 1851 in Chilly-le-Vignoble , Jura department , † May 2, 1908 in Paris ) was a French bacteriologist .

Live and act

Charles Chamberland was a son of the teacher Auguste Chamberland and his wife Appoline Philibert. He initially trained at the Lycée in Lons-le-Saunier and later at the Collège Rollin in Paris . In 1871 he was admitted to both the École polytechnique and the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. Chamberland decided to study at the École Normale Supérieure . After completing his training, he worked as a teacher at a Lycée in Nîmes in 1874 .

The following year Chamberland returned to the École Normale Supérieure , where he stayed until 1888. Here he first became an assistant in Louis Pasteur's laboratory , became one of his closest collaborators in the research of anthrax and rabies, and got in the middle of his argument with Henry Charlton Bastian about the spontaneous generation of microorganisms . In 1879 Chamberland defended his doctoral thesis with the subject of research on the origin and development of microscopic organisms , for which he developed an autoclave . In 1884 he invented named after him Chamberland filter , an unglazed porcelain existing filter cartridge , whose pores are smaller than bacteria.

On July 7, 1881 he was accepted into the Legion of Honor . From October 4, 1885 to November 11, 1889 Chamberland was a member of the radical left ( Gauche Radicale ) for the Jura department in the French National Assembly .

After founding the Pasteur Institute , he headed the research department from 1888, which dealt with the use of microorganisms to promote human hygiene . One of its main tasks was preparing vaccines for large-scale use. In 1904 he became deputy director of the institute and a member of the Académie nationale de Médecine .

Fonts (selection)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Werner Köhler : Chamberland, Charles Edouard. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 236 f .; here: p. 236.
  2. ^ Entry at the Assemblée nationale. (Accessed November 20, 2011).

Web links

Commons : Charles Chamberland  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Chamberland, Charles
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Chamberland, Charles-Édouard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French microbiologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 12, 1851
PLACE OF BIRTH Chilly-le-Vignoble , Jura department
DATE OF DEATH May 2, 1908
Place of death Paris