Charlotte Guillard

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Charlotte Guillard (* around 1485 ; † (after) 1557 , also Latinized as Carola Guillard) was the first significant female printer . In contrast to the cradle printers Anna Rüger and Anna Fabri , she has become known through many years of work and many printing works. For 40 years she ran the renowned Au Soleil d'Or ( To the Golden Sun ) printing workshop in Paris under her own management.

La Vie de Monseigneur Sainct Hierosme from 1541 with publisher's mark by Charlotte Guillard

Life

Charlotte was the daughter of Jacques Guillard (Guillart) and Guillemyne ​​Savary. She was born in Paris or the province of Maine and had several sisters and a brother. In 1502 she married the printer Berthold Rembolt. Ulrich Gering († 1510) became a partner in 1494 and joined the oldest printing company in France, which he took over in 1507/08. The printing business in the Latin Quarter was so good that he built the small Hôtel Soleil d'Or on rue Saint-Jacques for the company, family and employees.

Rembolt died in 1519 and Guillard married the bookseller Claude Chevallon (* approx. 1479) the following year. In 1537 she was widowed a second time and, since she had no children of her own, worked with her nephews, who were also active in the book trade. Charlotte Guillard died in 1557, before the month of July.

Entrepreneur

After the death of her husband, Guillard, with the consent of the guild, took over the management of the printing works in which he had worked since the marriage. She corrected the Latin publications. She published his works for the Bishop of Verona , as her products were recognized for their beauty and accuracy.

With her second marriage she took over as Madame Chevallon , also the printing works of Claude Chevallon, who stopped his printing activities. Theological and humanistic books have been added to your print directory. Works by Erasmus of Rotterdam , Hilarius of Poitiers and Pacian of Barcelona were printed . In 1537 she continued her company alone, initially in collaboration with her nephews, from 1547 in partnership with her nephew Guillaume Desboys (also of the boy ). Her stepson Gervais Chevallon can only be identified as a printer from 1537–1539. It had four or five printing presses, had 12 to 25 employees, and held 13,000 books. Her customers were students from the Sorbonne , professional or religious clients. She also printed anti-Protestant books and works in Latin or Greek. She was also successful as a publisher; her informants provided her with mostly successful manuscripts.

Her signet shows the golden sun, around 190 to 200 works are verifiable for her printing workshop. Many are marked with “apud Carolam Guillard, sub Sole aureo”. Today her books are in more than 400 libraries worldwide.

Works by the Soleil d'Or printing workshop

  • Berthold Rembolt, about 190 printing works
  • Claude and Charlotte Chevallon, 220 printing units
  • Charlotte Guillard, 190 printed works "apud Carolam Guillard, sub Sole aureo"
    • Louis Lassere: La Vie de Monseigneur Sainct Hierosme . 1541.
    • Jacques Toussain: "Lexicon Graecolatinum" 1552; with signed foreword.

  • Signet by Berthold Rembolt

  • Signet of Claude Chevallon (after 1520)

  • Signet of Charlotte Guillard

literature

  • Rémi Jimenes: Charlotte Guillard. Une femme imprimeur à la Renaissance. Tours / Rennes, Presses universitaires 2017.
  • Rémi Jimenes: Charlotte Guillard au Soleil d'Or. Une carrière typographique. Dissertation Tours 2014.
  • Rémi Jimenes: Passeurs d'atelier. La transmission d'une librairie à Paris au XVIe siècle. Le cas du Soleil d'Or. In: Gens du livre et gens de lettres à la Renaissance. Turnhout 2014. pp. 309–322.
  • Beatrice Beech: Charlotte Guillard. A sixteenth-century business woman. In: Renaissance Quarterly. No. 36, 3 (1983) pp. 345-367.

Web links

Commons : Charlotte Guillard  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ DNB : Chevallon, Claude.
  2. ↑ DNB: Chevallon, Gervais.
  3. ↑ DNB: Chevallon (Offizin, Paris).
  4. ↑ Another signet with a name at siefar.org. (accessed on March 26, 2018)
personal data
SURNAME Guillard, Charlotte
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Charlotte Remboldt, Charlotte Chevallon (married names); Carola Guillard (Latin)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Printer in Paris
DATE OF BIRTH around 1485
DATE OF DEATH 1557