Chlorella
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Chlorella regularis |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Chlorella | ||||||||||||
| Beij. |
Chlorella is a genus of freshwater algae . They are common.
description
Chlorella species form spherical, single cells and are green due to chlorophyll a and b . The cells are very small with a diameter of 2 to 10 µm.
The cell wall of this genus of algae consists of a multilayered cellulose structure in which layers of polymeric hydrocarbon chains are embedded. The cells contain a single chloroplast and scattered in the cytoplasm lying mitochondria .
The reproduction is apparently exclusively asexual ; in any case, no gamete formation has yet been observed. The genome is haploid .
Systematics
Chlorella vulgaris is the type species of the genus Chlorella . It was described by Martinus Willem Beijerinck near Delftin 1889and is now being bred in official collections such as the German Collection of Microorganisms .
The genus Chlorella is not a monophyletic kin. It is probably even a polyphyletic genus, the common characteristics of which have arisen through convergent evolution.
In the Algaebase the following 24 species are listed as "currently accepted taxonomically" (currently taxonomically recognized):
- Chlorella angustoellipsoidea N. Hanagata & M. Chihara
- Chlorella botryoides JB Petersen
- Chlorella capsulata RRL Guillard, HC Bold & FJ MacEntee
- Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
- Chlorella emersonii Shihira & Krauss
- Chlorella fusca Shihira & Krauss
- Chlorella homosphaera Skuja
- Chlorella luteo-viridis Chodat
- Chlorella marina butcher
- Chlorella miniata (Nägeli) Oltmanns
- Chlorella minutissima Fott & Nováková
- Chlorella mirabilis VM Andreeva
- Chlorella ovalis Butcher
- Chlorella parasitica (K. Brandt) Beijerinck
- Chlorella peruviana G.Chacón Roldán
- Chlorella rugosa JB Petersen
- Chlorella saccharophila (Kruger) Migula
- Chlorella salina Butcher
- Chlorella spaerckii Ålvik
- Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess
- Chlorella stigmatophora Butcher
- Chlorella subsphaerica H. Reisigl
- Chlorella trebouxioides M. Puncochárová
- Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck
use
In Chlorella researched Melvin Calvin the photosynthesis , which he won the 1961 Nobel Prize was awarded.
Chlorella is used in the manufacture of foods , nutritional supplements, and cosmetics . A production facility for microalgae in Klötze / Altmark has existed in Germany since 1999 . In this the alga is cultivated in a 500 km long glass tube system.
Chlorella is often used in alternative medicine as a means of removing heavy metals , especially during and after amalgam removal.
Advertising claims with the tenor “full nutrient spectrum of vitamins, minerals, protein and fatty acids” are classified as misleading by the surveillance authorities in Germany, since food supplements made from algae contain only a few nutrients in relevant quantities. Likewise the statements that chlorophyll is nutritionally important for humans.
Recent research into the levels of vitamin B12 in Chlorella products shows that high levels of bioavailable vitamin B12 can occur in Chlorella biomass. The main synthesis products are the forms of vitamin B12 ( hydroxocobalamin , methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin ) that are easily metabolized by the human body , but this does not happen as a metabolite of the algae cell, but rather through an accompanying bacterial flora during cultivation. This can be done in both closed and open production systems. Special cultivation, analysis and drying methods can be used to produce dietary supplements from Chlorella with a very high vitamin B12 content (up to 415 μg per 100 g). These can improve the vitamin B12 status, especially in the case of deficiency symptoms , e.g. B. successfully and sustainably improve vegan or vegetarian people. Previous studies with common Chlorella algae preparations were able to improve the vitamin B12 balance. For the test persons with a deficient vitamin B12 level in the serum, however, the vitamin B12 amounts supplied were not sufficient to bring the vitamin B12 status to a normal level during the course of the study.
Individual evidence
- ^ Christian van den Hoek, Hans M. Jahns, David G. Mann: Algen. 3. Edition. Thieme, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-13-551103-0 .
- ↑ M. Beijerinck: Chlorella. In: MD Guiry, GM Guiry: AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway 2009.
- ↑ J. Mercola, D. Klinghardt: Mercury Toxicity and elimination Systemic Agents. In: Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 11, No. 1, March 2001, pp. 53-62.
- ↑ Algae preparations - no green wonder. In: Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Stuttgart: Annual report 2007 ( Memento from January 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.8 MB), p. 42.
- ↑ a b Tomohiro Bito, Mariko Bito, Yusuke Asai, Shigeo Takenaka, Yukinori Yabuta, Kazunori Tago, Masato Ohnishi, Toru Mizoguchi, and Fumio Watanabe: Characterization and Quantitation of Vitamin B12 Compounds in Various Chlorella Supplements. Retrieved January 16, 2019 .
- ↑ I. Behrendt, O. Wittek, A. Ströhle, U. Krings, I. Schneider, N. Bitterlich, A. Hahn (2017): Chlorella vulgaris - a plant-based vitamin B12 source for vegetarians and vegans? (PDF) In: Proceedings of the German Nutrition Society. German Nutrition Society, accessed on January 16, 2019 .
