Chromium (III) picolinate

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Structural formula
Structural formula of chromium (III) picolinate
General
Surname Chromium (III) picolinate
other names
  • Cr (pic) 3
  • CrPic
  • Chromium picolinate
  • Tris (2-pyridinecarboxylate-N, O) chromium (III)
  • 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid chromium (III) salt.
Molecular formula C 18 H 12 CrN 3 O 6
Brief description

dark purple solid

External identifiers / databases
CAS number
  • 14639-25-9
  • 27882-76-4 (monohydrate)
EC number 604-524-6
ECHA InfoCard 100.131.423
PubChem 151932
ChemSpider 133913
DrugBank DB11255
Wikidata Q2329715
properties
Molar mass 418.30 g mol −1
Physical state

Solid

Melting point

> 300 ° C

solubility
  • sparingly soluble in water at pH 7
  • soluble in polar organic solvents
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases H: no H-phrases
P: no P-phrases
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Chromium (III) picolinate is a chemical compound of chromium belonging to the picolinate group (salt of picolinic acid ).

Extraction and presentation

Chromium (III) picolinate can be produced by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis reaction of 2-pyridine carbonitrile with chromium salts at a temperature between 80 and 200 ° C under 2 to 3 atm or reaction of picolinic acid with chromium compounds (such as chromium (III) chloride ) at 70 ° C and a pH of 3.5 to 4.2.

properties

Chromium (III) picolinate is a crystalline reddish to dark purple solid that is sparingly soluble in water. The monohydrate has a monoclinic crystal structure with the space group P 2 / c (space group no. 13) . Template: room group / 13

use

According to Regulation (EC) No. 258/97, chromium (III) picolinate may be used as a source of chromium in foods (see Regulation No. 953/2009 and / or No. 1925/2006). Chromium (III) compounds are considered to be an essential trace element for glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, there is little confirmed evidence of a positive health benefit from a dietary supplement with chromium (III) picolinate.

safety instructions

The positive and negative effects of chromium (III) picolinate are controversial. Some studies suggest a carcinogenic effect, which is explained by intracellular conversion to chromium (VI) compounds. There is no verified research that can confirm a role for chromium picolinate in increasing muscle mass or strength.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Datasheet Chromium picolinate, ≥98% (HPLC) from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 7, 2019 ( PDF ).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Source: COMMISSION DECISION of May 27, 2011 authorizing the placing on the market of chromium picolinate as a novel food ingredient in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council
  3. ↑ NIIR Board of Consultants and Engineers: The Complete Technology Book on Fine Chemicals Fine Chemicals, Acetazolamide, Synonyms of Acetazolamide Acyclovir, Albendazole, 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid, 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid, Molecular Weight of Amitriptyline, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, Amlodipine, Amiloride, Aminophylline, Apomorphine Hydrochloride, L-Arginine, Arecoline, Aspirin, Atenolol, Azithromycin, Azt, Bacitracin, Berberine, Betamethasone, Definitions of Benzothiazide, Caffeine, Captopril, Carbidopa, Molecular Weight of Capsaicin, Carbamitepline, Carbamitepline Cefaclor, Cefazoline, Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Cefuroxime . ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc., 2004, ISBN 978-81-7833-056-3 , pp. 48 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ↑ Google Patents: CN101318929B - Synthesis process for chromium picolinate - Google Patents , accessed March 7, 2019
  5. ↑ Google Patents: US5677461A - Method for producing chromium picolinate complex - Google Patents , accessed March 7, 2019
  6. ↑ Diane M. Stearns, William H. Armstrong: Mononuclear and binuclear chromium (III) picolinate complexes. In: Inorganic Chemistry. 31, 1992, p. 5178, doi : 10.1021 / ic00051a007 .
  7. ^ Michael Adolph: Nutritional medicine based on the new nutritional medicine curriculum of the German Medical Association; 276 tables . Georg Thieme Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-13-100294-5 , p. 205 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  8. ↑ Lennart Thies: Analysis of the effectiveness of selected dietary supplements on body fat reduction . GRIN Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-638-70557-8 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  9. ^ A b John Vincent: The Nutritional Biochemistry of Chromium (III) . Elsevier, 2018, ISBN 978-0-444-64122-9 , pp. 329 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  10. ↑ Lindsay E. Wu, Aviva Levina et al. a .: Carcinogenic Chromium (VI) Compounds Formed by Intracellular Oxidation of Chromium (III) Dietary Supplements by Adipocytes. In: Angewandte Chemie. 128, 2016, p. 1774, doi : 10.1002 / anie.201509065 .
  11. ↑ unknown: NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of chromium picolinate monohydrate (CAS No. 27882-76-4) in F344 / N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies). In: Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 2010, pp. 1-194, PMID 20725156 .
  12. ↑ Dee Unglaub Silverthorn: Physiology . Pearson Deutschland GmbH, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8273-7333-5 , p. 71 ( limited preview in Google Book search).