Chytridiomycetes

Chytridiomycetes
Rozella allomycis
Systematics
without rank: Amorphea without rank: Opisthokonta without rank: Nucletmycea Empire : Mushrooms (fungi) Department : Potty mushrooms (Chytridiomycota) Class : Chytridiomycetes
Scientific name
Chytridiomycetes
Caval.-Sm.

The Chytridiomycetes are a class of fungi .

features

The Chytridiomycetes have a monocentric or mycelia-like polycentric thallus . The asexual reproduction is done by zoospores that a single rear-facing scourge own. The zoospores have a kinetosome and a non-flagellated centriole . The sexual reproduction is not done by oogamy .

Ecology and way of life

Species of the Chytridiomycetes occur in the soil, fresh water and salty inlets from the tropics to the arctic regions. In aquatic ecosystems, they mainly parasitize algae and plankton . In terrestrial ecosystems they live saprophytically on pollen , chitin , keratin or cellulose . Some species are also obligate plant parasites (e.g. Synchytrium endobioticum on potatoes) or ( Olpidium spp. On cucurbits). The only known species that parasitizes on vertebrates is the chytrid fungus ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ), which affects amphibians . Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is a subordinate species that is considered highly pathogenic and can lead to the collapse of the fire salamander population .

Systematics

Anton de Bary described the Chytridieae as an unrestricted taxon as early as 1884, Sparrow described it again in 1958, but only Thomas Chavalier-Smith described it validly as an emendation in 1998 , but very briefly and without being diagnostic for uniflagellate fungi. The systematics of the Chytridiomycetes is still very little researched, despite significant progress in recent years.

At the moment (as of March 2015) the following orders belong to the Chytriodiomycetes:

• Chytridiales
• Cladochytriales
• Gromochytriales
• Mesochytriales
• Lobulomycetales
• Polychytriales
• Rhizophlyctidales
• Rhizophydiales
• Spizellomycetales
• Synchytriales

swell

• Thomas Cavalier-Smith: A revised six-kingdom system of Life. In: Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. Volume 73, No. 3, 1998, pp. 203-266. doi: 10.1111 / j.1469-185X.1998.tb00030.x
• DS Hibbett, et al .: A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. In: Mycological Research. Volume 111, No. 5, 2007, pp. 509-547. doi: 10.1016 / j.mycres.2007.03.004

Individual evidence

1. ↑ TY James, PM Letcher, JE Longcore, SE Mozley-Standridge, D. Porter, MJ Powell, GW Griffith, R. Vilgalys: A molecular phylogeny of the flagellated fungi (Chytridiomycota) and a proposal for a new phylum (Blastocladiomycota). In: Mycologia. Volume 98, 2007 ['2006'], pp. 860-871.
2. ↑ SE Mozley-Standridge, PM Letcher, JE Long Core, D. Porter, DR SIMMONS Cladochytriales - a new order in Chytridiomycota. In: Mycological Research. Volume 113, 2009, pp. 498-507. doi: 10.1016 / j.mycres.2008.12.004
3. Jump up ↑ SA Karpov, AA Kobseva, MA Mamkaeva, KA Mamkaeva, KV Mikhailov, GS Mirzaeva, VV Aleoshin: Gromochytrium mamkaevae gen. & Sp. nov. and two new orders: Gromochytriales and Mesochytriales (Chytridiomycetes). In: Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. Volume 32, 2014, pp. 15-126. doi: 10.3767 / 003158514X680234
4. ↑ DR Simmons, TY James, AF Meyer, JE Longcore: Lobulomycetales, a new order in the Chytridiomycota. In: Mycological Research. Volume 113, 2009, pp. 450-460. doi: 10.1016 / j.mycres.2008.11.019
5. ↑ JE Long Core, DR Simmons: The Polychytriales ord. nov. contains chi - tinophilic members of the rhizophlyctoid alliance. In: Mycologia. Volume 104, 2012, pp. 276-294. doi: 10.3852 / 11-193
6. ^ PM Letcher, MJ Powell, DJS Barr, PF Churchill, WS Wakefield, KT Picard: Rhizophlyctidales - a new order in Chytridiomycota. In: Mycological Research. Volume 112, 2008, pp. 1031-1048. doi: 10.1016 / j.mycres.2008.03.007 .
7. ↑ Alexander B. Doweld: Synchytriales Doweld, ord. Nov. Index Fungorum no.92 , 2014. ISSN  2049-2375

Web links

Commons : Chytridiomycetes  - collection of images, videos and audio files