Cohors IIII Hispanorum

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The Cohors IIII (or IV ) Hispanorum [equitata] [Antoniniana] [Gordiana] [Philippiana] ( German  4th cohort of Hispanics [partially mounted] [the Antoninian] [the Gordian] [the Philippian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps.

Name components

  • IIII or IV : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number the fourth ( Latin quarta ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors quarta ...
  • Hispanorum : the Hispanic . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited on the territory of the Roman province of Hispania when the unit was established .
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in several inscriptions.
  • Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorific designation that refers to Caracalla (211-217) or Elagabal (218-222). The addition appears in two inscriptions.
  • Gordiana : the Gordian. A title of honor that refers to Gordian III. (238-244) refers. The addition appears in an inscription.
  • Philippiana : the Philippian. An honorary title that refers to Philip Arabs (244–249). The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Moesia and Dacia superior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 75 to 179.

The unit was probably set up in the Julio-Claudian period. The only evidence in Moesia is based on diplomas dated to 75. In the diplomas, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. After the division of the province around 85/86 it was probably assigned to the units in the new province of Moesia superior .

The unit probably took part in the Dacian wars of Trajan and was then probably stationed in the newly created province of Dacia . The first evidence in Dacia superior is based on a diploma dated 142. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 144 to 179, prove unity in the same province.

The last evidence of unity is based on an inscription dated 244/249.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Dacia may have been:

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

See also

literature

  • Margaret M. Roxan : The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula. Dissertation, 1973 Volume 1 ( PDF 1 ) Volume 2 ( PDF 2 )
  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ^ Cohors III Hispanorum was initially read or supplemented on two diplomas . According to Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl, this is the Cohors IIII Hispanorum .
  2. ↑ The assignment of the soldier to the cohort is controversial.
  3. ^ John Spaul assigns Firminus to the Cohors IIII Hispanorum . The unit is not listed in the inscription.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Inscriptions with equitata ( CIL 3, 946 , CIL 3, 947 , CIL 3, 948 , CIL 3, 6257 , IDR-03-04, 00265 , IDR-03-04, 00267 , IDR-03-04, 00269 , IDR -03-04, 00277 , IDR-03-04, 00281 , IDR-03-04, 00283 , IDR-03-04, 00284 ).
  2. ↑ Inscriptions with Antoniniana ( IDR-03-04, 00265 , IDR-03-04, 00267 )
  3. ↑ Inscription with Gordiana ( IDR-03-04, 00277 )
  4. ↑ a b inscription with Philippiana ( IDR-03-04, 00269 )
  5. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 75 ( Chiron-2008-270 , Chiron-2009-506 , RMM 00001 ), 142 ( ZPE-181-173 ), 144 ( CIL 16, 90 ), 158 ( CIL 16, 108 ) and 179 ( RMD 2, 123 ).
  6. ^ A b John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 108, 133-134.
  7. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 169 table 11 ( PDF ).
  8. ↑ a b c Margaret M. Roxan , The Auxilia, pp. 280-283, 295-297, 684-685.
  9. ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Moesia and his troops II: New diplomas for Moesia, Moesia inferior, and Moesia superior In: Chiron , Volume 39 (2009), p. 505-589, here p. 509 ( online ).
  10. ↑ a b Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Auxilia Moesiae Superioris , Mega Publishing House 2018, ISBN 978-606-020-063-5 , p. 62 ( online ).
  11. ^ Bricks from Angustia : stamp COH IIII HIS ( AE 1912, 00071b ).
  12. ↑ Inscriptions from Praetoria Augusta ( CIL 3, 945 , CIL 3, 946 , CIL 3, 947 , CIL 3, 948 , CIL 3, 6257 , IDR-03-04, 00265 , IDR-03-04, 00267 , IDR-03 -04, 00269 , IDR-03-04, 00271 , IDR-03-04, 00272 , IDR-03-04, 00275 , IDR-03-04, 00277 , IDR-03-04, 00281 , IDR-03-04 , 00283 , IDR-03-04, 00284 ).
  13. ^ Bricks from Praetoria Augusta : Stamp C IIII HIS ( IDR-03-04, 00302 ), C IIII HISP ( IDR-03-04, 00301 , IDR-App-01-60, 00001 , IDR-App-01-60, 00002 ) and COH IIII HIS ( IDR-03-04, 00302,1 ).