Brețcu

Brețcu
Bretz
Bereck

Basic data

State :

Romania

Historical region :

Transylvania

Circle :

Covasna

Coordinates :

46 ° 3 ' N , 26 ° 16' E Coordinates: 46 ° 2 '48 " N , 26 ° 15' 56" E

Time zone :

EET ( UTC +2)

Area :

116.03 km²

Residents :

3,515 (October 20, 2011)

Population density :

30 inhabitants per km²

Postal code :

527060

Telephone code :

(+40) 02 67

License plate :

CV

Structure and administration (as of 2016)

Community type :

local community

Structure :

Brețcu, Mărtănuș , Oituz

Mayor :

Zoltán Dimény ( UDMR )

Postal address :

Str. Principală, no. 142
loc. Lemnia, jud. Covasna, RO-527060

Website :

bretcu-bereck.ro/index.php/ro/

Brețcu [ ˈbret͡sku ] ( German Bretz , Hungarian Bereck or Beretzk ) is a municipality in the Covasna district , in the Transylvania region in Romania .

Geographical location

Location of the Brețcu commune in Covasna County

The municipality of Brețcu is located north of the Kronstadt depression (Depresiunea Brașovului) in the southern foothills of the Nemira Mountains (Munții Nemira) , a part of the Eastern Carpathians , in the so-called Szeklerland in the north of the Covasna district. The place Brețcu is located on the creek of the same name, a left tributary of the Râul Negru , on the Târgu Secuiesc – Bre –cu railway line and on Drum național 11 - a section of the European route 574 - 16 kilometers northeast of the small town of Târgu Secuiesc (Szekler Neumarkt) and about 50 Kilometers northeast of the district capital Sfântu Gheorghe (Sankt Georgen) .

history

The place Brețcu, mostly inhabited by Szeklern people, was first mentioned in a document in 1332.

On an earlier settlement of the municipality, on the area called by the locals Cetatea doamnei Venetur (Hungarian Veneturné vara ) or just Cetate (Vár) , north of the village Brețcu to the right of the river of the same name, earth walls indicate a former Roman fort . A Roman thermal bath is noted about 150 to 200 meters from the fort. Remains of a castle near the fort are assigned to around the 17th century, no further details are given. Furthermore, archaeological finds in the municipality are assigned to the Bronze Age and are in the museum in Sfântu Gheorghe.

Also in the area of the incorporated village Mărtănuș (Hungarian Kézdimartonos ), on the area called by the locals Coasta mesteacănului (Hungarian Nyiroldal ), finds from prehistory are noted.

According to a document from 1614, there were 70 families in Brețcu, one of them as servants ; In 1750 and 1848 no servants were recorded in Brețcu. At the end of the 19th century industrialization increased in the relevant administrative unit of Transylvania, which resulted in the emergence of a wood industry in the region. In 1907 the construction of the Târgu Secuiesc railway was completed. In 1910 a brick factory was built, in 1933 an approximately ten kilometer long narrow-gauge railway in the Oituz valley and in 1939 the former town hall, today's primary school in the community center, was completed.

At the time of the Kingdom of Hungary , Brețcu belonged to the Kézdi chair district in the Háromszék County ( Romanian Comitatul Trei-Scaune ), then to the historical Trei-Scaune district (German three chairs ) and from 1950 to the present Covasna district.

population

The population of Bre Gemeindecu municipality developed as follows:

census		Ethnic composition
year	population	Romanians	Hungary	German	other
1850	3,996	1,546	2,358	8th	84
1930	4,402	1,566	2,791	16	29
1966	4,847	1,287	3,461	4th	95
2002	3,908	996	2,890	-	22nd
2011	3,515	813	2,537	-	165

Since 1850, the highest number of inhabitants in the area of today's municipality was determined in 1966. The highest number of Magyars (3,548) was registered in 1941, that of Romanians and Romanian Germans in 1930 and that of Roma (174) in 1992.

Attractions

In the community center the Orthodox Church Sf. Nicolae , built in 1783 and the property under house no. 324, 504, 575 and 576 are listed buildings.
In the incorporated village of Mărtănuș, the Orthodox church Adormirea Maicii Domnului , built in 1796, is a listed building.
The old customs office built in the 19th century in the incorporated village of Oituz and the medieval Rákocsy castle on the Rakottyás mountain are listed buildings.

At the mouth of the Brețcu in the Râul Negru, the Roman fort Brețcu with the historical name Angustia and, according to the directory of historical monuments of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Ministerul Culturii și Patrimoniului Național), the Roman thermal baths 200 meters away are listed .

The municipality of Brețcu is also the starting point for the summits Stănișoara 1260 or 1280 m and Tâmla 1365 m in the Vrancea Mountains (Munții Vrancei) , in the triangle of the Covasna, Bacău and Vrancea districts .

View of Brețcu
Town hall in Brețcu
Train station in Brețcu
Wood processing plant in Brețcu (~ 1930)
Orthodox Church in Brețcu
Roman Catholic Church in Brețcu
Monument to Áron Gábor
Orthodox Church in Mărtănuș
Roman Catholic Church in Mărtănuș
Military cable car in Ojtoz (1917)

Personalities

Áron Gábor (1814–1849), was a Hungarian artillery officer in the revolution of 1848/1849 .
Khell István (1889–1972), was a literary historian and translator.

Town twinning

The Brețcu municipality has partnerships with the Hungarian cities of Hódmezővásárhely and Tótkomlós .

Web links

Commons : Brețcu - collection of images, videos and audio files

The community of Brețcu at ghidulprimariilor.ro

Individual evidence

↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB).
↑ Heinz Heltmann, Gustav Servatius (Ed.): Travel Guide Siebenbürgen . Kraft, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2019-2 , p. 517 .
^ Județul Covasna, Monuments și Situri Arheologice. (PDF; 25.1 MB) Retrieved April 26, 2020 (Romanian).
^ Institute Of Archeology - Brețcu , accessed April 26, 2020 (Romanian).
↑ Institute Of Archeology - Mărtănuş , accessed on April 26, 2020 (Romanian).
↑ Information on the website of the Brețcu municipality , accessed on April 26, 2020 (Romanian).
↑ Censuses 1850–2002, last updated November 2, 2008 (PDF; 1 MB; Hungarian).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d List of historical monuments of the Romanian Ministry of Culture , updated 2015 (PDF; 12.7 MB; Romanian).
↑ Din Oituzul Ardelean pe Culmea Stânișoarei (Munții Vrancei) on muntesiflori.ro, accessed on April 27, 2020 (Romanian).
↑ Information on Áron Gábor , at mek.oszk.hu, accessed on April 15, 2020 (Hungarian).
↑ Information on Khell István , at mek.oszk.hu, accessed on April 26, 2020 (Hungarian).
↑ Information on partnerships on the website of the municipality of Brețcu , accessed on April 26, 2020 (Romanian).

[VZ2011-1] 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB).

[2] Heinz Heltmann, Gustav Servatius (Ed.): Travel Guide Siebenbürgen . Kraft, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2019-2 , p. 517 .

[3] Județul Covasna, Monuments și Situri Arheologice. (PDF; 25.1 MB) Retrieved April 26, 2020 (Romanian).

[4] Institute Of Archeology - Brețcu , accessed April 26, 2020 (Romanian).

[5] Institute Of Archeology - Mărtănuş , accessed on April 26, 2020 (Romanian).

[6] Information on the website of the Brețcu municipality , accessed on April 26, 2020 (Romanian).

[7] Censuses 1850–2002, last updated November 2, 2008 (PDF; 1 MB; Hungarian).

[rokm-8] List of historical monuments of the Romanian Ministry of Culture , updated 2015 (PDF; 12.7 MB; Romanian).

[9] Din Oituzul Ardelean pe Culmea Stânișoarei (Munții Vrancei) on muntesiflori.ro, accessed on April 27, 2020 (Romanian).

[10] Information on Áron Gábor , at mek.oszk.hu, accessed on April 15, 2020 (Hungarian).

[11] Information on Khell István , at mek.oszk.hu, accessed on April 26, 2020 (Hungarian).

[12] Information on partnerships on the website of the municipality of Brețcu , accessed on April 26, 2020 (Romanian).