Cohors III Delmatarum

Gravestone of Tiberius Claudius Halotus , erected by his father Claudius Iustus ( CIL 13, 8271 )

The Cohors III Delmatarum (or Dalmatarum ) [civium Romanorum] [pia fidelis] [Alexandriana] [Valeriana Gallienae] [milliaria] [equitata] ( German  3rd cohort of the Delmater (or Dalmater) [of the Roman citizens ] [loyal and loyal] [the Alexandrian] [the Valerian Gaulish] [1000 men] [partly mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps.

Name components

• Delmatarum (or Dalmatarum ): the Delmater . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the Illyrian tribe of the Delmater on the territory of the Roman province of Dalmatia when the unit was set up . Both the name variants can be found in the inscriptions as well as in the military diplomas.

• civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen or with Roman citizenship. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition occurs in the inscriptions ( AE 1912, 5 , CIL 3, 8010 ).

• pia fidelis : loyal and loyal. Domitian (81-96) awarded the Roman armed forces in Germania inferior who remained loyal to him after the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus the honorary designation pia fidelis Domitiana . The addition appears in military diplomas and inscriptions.

• Alexandriana : the Alexandrian. An honorific designation referring to Severus Alexander (222-235). The addition appears in the inscription ( AE 1912, 5 ).

• Valeriana Gallienae : the Valerian Gaulish niche. A designation of honor that refers to Valerian (253-260) and his son Gallienus (260-268). The addition appears in the inscription ( CIL 3, 8010 ).

• milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it was an infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men. The addition occurs in the inscriptions ( AE 1912, 5 , CIL 3, 8010 ); there the symbol is used instead of milliaria . ${\displaystyle \infty }$

• equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition occurs in the inscriptions ( AE 1912, 5 , CIL 3, 8010 ).

The unit was a Cohors milliaria equitata . The nominal strength of the unit was therefore 1040 men, consisting of 10 Centurien infantry with 80 men each and 8 tower cavalry with 30 riders each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Germania , Germania Superior and Dacia (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years 80, 90, 116, 129, 134, and 179 AD.

The first proof of unity in the province of Germania is based on a diploma dated to the year 80. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 90, 116, 129 and 134, prove the unity in the province of Germania Superior .

The first evidence of unity in the province of Dacia is based on a diploma dated 179. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. The last time the unit in Dacia is documented by the inscription ( CIL 3, 8010 ), which is dated to 253/260, shortly before the province was abandoned under Aurelian .

Locations

Bricks with the stamp COH III DALM from Rückingen ( CIL 13, 12435,2 )

Locations of the cohort in Germania were possibly:

• Aquae Mattiacorum (Wiesbaden)
• Oberscheidental
• Return

Bricks with different stamps of the unit were found at the above locations as well as in Arae Flaviae (Rottweil) and Großkrotzenburg ( CIL 13, 12433 to 12436).

Locations of the cohort in Dacia may have been:

• Mehadia : The inscriptions ( AE 1912, 5 , CIL 3, 8010 ) were found in Mehadia.
• Sucidava : Bricks with different unit stamps were found in Sucidava ( AE 1939, 95 , AE 1950, 75 ).

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

• Claudius Iustus, a prefect ( AE 1896, 101 )

Others

Ael (ius) Cornelius, a veteran ( AE 1973, 462 ) Antestius Valentinus, a soldier ( AE 1972, 494 ) Aur (Elius) Proculinus, a Signifer ( AE 1973 463 )

Aur (elius) Sur [us], a soldier ( AE 1973, 463 ) P (ublius) Anto (nius) Super ( CIL 3, 1474 )

See also

• List of Roman auxiliary units
• Roman forces in Dacia
• Roman armed forces in Germania

Web links

Commons : Cohors III Delmatarum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

1. ↑ For details on the military diplomas (literature, dates etc.) see the disc page.
2. ↑ ^{a b c} See the individual references and literature given in the article.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Paul A. Holder: Exercitus Pius Fidelis: The Army of Germania Inferior in AD 89 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik . Volume 128 (1999), pp. 237-250, here pp. 237, 240-241 ( PDF ).
2. ^ ^{A b c d e} John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046- 4 , pp. 299-300, 305-306
3. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 158, 159, 169 tables 2,3,11 ( PDF, pp. 160, 161, 171 ).
4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 80 ( CIL 16, 158 ), 90 ( CIL 16, 36 , RMD 5, 333 ), 116 ( CIL 16, 62 ), 129 ( RMD 2, 90 ), 134 ( CIL 16, 80 ) and 179 ( RMD 2, 123 ).
5. ↑ 24. Rückingen Fort. German Limes Commission , accessed on June 27, 2017 .