Cohors I Apamenorum

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The Cohors I Apamenorum [sagittariorum or sagittaria] [equitata] [Antoniniana] ( German  1st cohort from Apameia [the archer] [partly mounted] [the Antoninian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions, papyri and the Notitia dignitatum . In the Notitia dignitatum it is referred to as Cohors prima Apamenorum .

Name components

  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...
  • Apamenorum : from Apamea . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the city of Apamea and its surroundings when the unit was set up . Of the cities with the name Apamea , this is probably Apamea on the Orontes .
  • sagittariorum or sagittaria : the archer. The addition appears in an inscription.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in an inscription.
  • Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorary title that refers to Caracalla (211-217). The addition appears in a papyrus dated 215.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Cappadocia and Aegyptus (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 99 to AD 206.

The unit had probably been stationed in Cappadocia since the early 1980s . The unit in the province is proven for the first time for 99 by a diploma. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Cappadocia ) that were stationed in the province. The cohort does not appear among the units that Arrian mobilized for his campaign against the Alans (Ἔκταξις κατὰ Ἀλάνοον) around 135.

At an unspecified point in time, the cohort was moved to the province of Aegyptus , where it is documented for the year 144 by the BGU III 729 papyrus . The unit in Aegyptus is proven for the first time for 157/161 by a diploma . In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Aegyptus ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 179 to 206, prove unity in the same province.

The unit is mentioned for the last time in the Notitia dignitatum with the designation Cohors prima Apamenorum for the Silili location. She was part of the troops that were under the command of the Dux Thebaidos .

Locations

Cohort locations in Aegyptus may have been:

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

Others

  • [?], a soldier ( AE 1952, 00237a )
  • Gaius Iulius Apollinarius, a soldier (BGU III 729)

Papyrus BGU II 423

The papyrus, dated 105/199, is a letter from the soldier Apion , who was stationed with the Roman fleet in Misenum , to his father, who lived in Philadelphia , Egypt. The letter should first be sent to Iulianus An [] , a librarius of the Cohors I Apamenorum ; Julianus was then to pass the letter on to Apion's father.

Papyrus MS Schøyen 244/1 Recto

In the papyrus, which is dated to the 3rd century, future soldiers of the cohort are listed with their travel money (viaticum). Among them was Aurelius Apolinaris Hierax , who died at the governor's seat in Alexandria before he could reach the Cohors I Apamenorum assigned to him .

See also

literature

  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Michael Alexander Speidel , this can be inferred from the career of Gaius Nasennius Marcellus .
  2. ↑ John Spaul gives another 5 members of the cohort in Greek: 2 centurions and 3 simple soldiers.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 421, 425-426
  2. ↑ a b inscription ( CIL 3, 600 )
  3. ↑ p.brook.24 = HGV P.Brook. 24 = Trismegistos 18058 = chla.47.1450. Papyri.info, accessed June 22, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 99 ( ZPE-192-238 ), 157/161 ( CIL 16, 184 ), 179 ( RMD 3, 185 ) and 206 ( AE 2012, 1960 ).
  5. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 174 Table 16 ( PDF ).
  6. ^ A b c Michael Alexander Speidel : The Development of the Roman Forces in Northeastern Anatolia. New evidence for the history of the exercitus Cappadocicus. , Special print from: MA Speidel, Heer und Herrschaft im Römischen Reich der Hohen Kaiserzeit, Stuttgart 2009, pp. 595–631, here pp. 605, 610–611 ( online ).
  7. ↑ bgu.3.729 = HGV BGU 3 729 = P.Lond. 2 178 b (p. 207) = P.Lond. 2 178 a (p. 207). Papyri.info, accessed June 22, 2019 .
  8. ↑ a b Sofie Waebens: The archive of Gaius Iulius Apollinarius, an auxiliary soldier and gentleman , 2018 ( online ).
  9. ↑ a b Cornelia Römer : Diploma for a foot soldier from Koptos of March 23, 179 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik Volume 82 (1990), pp. 137–153, here p. 146 ( PDF ).
  10. ^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Orientis XXXI ( online ).
  11. ↑ Margaret M. Roxan : Pre-Severan auxilia named in the Notitia Dignitatum In: British Archaeological Reports , Volume 15 (1976), pp. 59-80, here p. 73.
  12. ↑ chr.wilck.480 = HGV BGU 2 423 = Trismegistos 28137 = bgu.2.423. Papyri.info, accessed June 23, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Anna Kaiser: "Dienstverfahren" von soldiers in the Roman Imperial Era , In: DIOMEDES series of publications of the Department of Classical Studies, Ancient History, Classical Studies and Mykenologie of the University of Salzburg , Salzburg 2010, pp. 37–52, here pp. 44–45 ( online ) .
  14. ↑ p.thomas.21 = HGV P.Thomas 21 = Trismegistos 78798. Papyri.info, accessed on June 22, 2019 (English).
  15. ↑ Oliver Stoll : How to get to my regiment? The tirones Asiani - some thoughts on the practice of drafting and commanding recruits in the Roman army. In: E. Dąbrowa (Ed.), Studies on the Greek and Roman Military History. Electrum 14 (Kraków 2008), pp. 95–118, here pp. 107–108, 110 ( online ).