Cohors I Ascalonitanorum

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The Cohors I Ascalonitanorum [sagittariorum or sagittaria] [equitata] ( German  1st cohort from Ascalon [the archer] [partially mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , an inscription and a papyrus .

Name components

  • Ascalonitanorum : from Ascalon . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the city of Ascalon and the surrounding area when the unit was set up.
  • sagittariorum or sagittaria : the archer. The addition occurs in military diplomas from 129 to 156/157.
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in Syria Province . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 88 to 156/157 AD.

The unit was probably set up by Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo around 62. The first evidence of unity in Syria is based on a diploma dated 88. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Syria ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 93 to 156/157, prove unity in the same province.

A vexillation of the cohort took part in the Parthian War of Lucius Verus (161–166). It is listed in an inscription as part of the units that were under the direction of Marcus Valerius Lollianus . The inscription says that Lollianus was the commander in Mesopotamia over sections of selected riders of the Alen [..] and the cohorts .

The last evidence of unity is based on a papyrus found at Dura Europos , which is dated to 200.

Locations

Cohort locations in Syria may have been:

  • Caeciliana (Tell Aushariye): the Fink papyrus , 1971, 1, XIII, 8-9 was found here.
  • Tell Ahmar : an inscription was found here.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

Others

  • Maga, a foot soldier: the diploma of 93 was issued to him.
  • Marcus, a signer ( AE 1994, 1764 )

See also

literature

  • Agustín Jiménez de Furundarena: Cohors I Ascalonitanorum sagittaria equitata In: AQVILA LEGIONIS Cuadernos de Estudios sobre el Ejército Romano , Volume 21 (2018), pp. 81-105 ( online ).
  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Agustín Jiménez de Furundarena, the inscription CIL 9, 3664 , in which a [praefectus cohortis] Ascalonitanae is listed, does not refer to the Cohors I Ascalonitanorum , but to another unit, possibly from the army of Herod Archelaus after his deposition was formed by Augustus 6 AD.
  2. ↑ In the Papyrus Fink, 1971, 1, XIII, 8-9 it is stated that Flavius ​​Flavinus was moved ( traslatus ex cohortis I Ascalonitanorum ). According to Agustín Jiménez de Furundarena, he was transferred to Cohors XX Palmyrenorum and received a promotion to singularis .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 438-439, 452.
  2. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 172 Table 14 ( PDF ).
  3. ↑ a b c d e Agustín Jiménez de Furundarena, Cohors I Ascalonitanorum, pp. 81–84, 88–100.
  4. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 88 ( CIL 16, 35 ), 93 ( ZPE-165-219 ), 129 ( AE 2006, 1852 , Chiron-2006-230 , Chiron-2006-233 , Chiron-2006-239 ), 144 ( ZPE -188-255 , ZPE-193-253 ), 153 ( Chiron-2006-267 ) and 156/157 ( CIL 16, 106 ).
  5. ^ Inscription CIL 3, 600
  6. ↑ Peter Weiß , The auxiliaries of the Syrian army from Domitian to Antoninus Pius. An interim assessment based on the new military diplomas In: Chiron , Volume 36 (2006), pp. 249–298, here pp. 273–275.
  7. ↑ Rudolf Haensch , Peter Weiß: A difficult way. The road construction inscription by M. Valerius Lollianus from Byllis. In: Communications from the German Archaeological Institute. Roman department . Volume 118, 2012, pp. 435-454, here pp. 441-442, 448-449 ( online ).
  8. ↑ Inscription from Tell Ahmar AE 1994, 1764
  9. ↑ a b Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: A constitution for the auxiliary troops of Syria under the governor Cornelius Nigrinus from the year 93 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 165 (2008), pp. 219–226, here p. 224 ( online ).
  10. ↑ a b Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl: A second copy of the constitution for the Syrian troops from March 19, 144 and a diploma for the equites singulares from the same date In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Volume 193 (2015), p. 253 –260, here p. 256 ( online ).