Cohors I Flavia Ulpia Hispanorum

This article deals with the Cohors I Flavia Ulpia Hispanorum stationed in the provinces of Moesia superior , Dacia and Dacia Porolissensis . For other units with this name see Cohors I Hispanorum .

The Cohors I Flavia Ulpia Hispanorum [milliaria] [equitata] [civium Romanorum] ( German  1st cohort the Flavian the Ulpische the Hispanic [1000 men] [partly mounted] [the Roman citizens] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions, tesserae and brick stamps. In some military diplomas and inscriptions it is referred to as Cohors I Flavia Hispanorum , in other diplomas and inscriptions as Cohors I Hispanorum .

Name components

• Cohors : The cohort was an infantry unit of the auxiliary troops in the Roman army .

• I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...

• Flavia : the Flavian. The honorary designation refers to the Flavian emperors Vespasian , Titus and Domitian .

• Ulpia : the Ulpian. The honorary designation refers to Emperor Trajan , whose full name is Marcus Ulpius Traianus .

• Hispanorum : the Hispanic . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited on the territory of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis when the unit was established .

• milliaria : 1000 men. Depending on whether it was an infantry cohort ( Cohors milliaria peditata ) or a mixed association of infantry and cavalry ( Cohors milliaria equitata ), the nominal strength of the unit was either 800 or 1040 men. The addition appears in the military diplomas from 93 to 164 and in several inscriptions. In numerous military diplomas, in inscriptions and on brick stamps, the symbol (or the letter M ) is used instead of milliaria . ${\displaystyle \infty }$

• equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in two inscriptions.

• civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition appears in a military diploma of 110 and in an inscription.

The unit was a Cohors milliaria equitata . The nominal strength of the unit was therefore 1040 men, consisting of 10 Centurien infantry with 80 men each and 8 tower cavalry with 30 riders each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Moesia superior , Dacia, and Dacia Porolissensis (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 93 to 164.

The beginnings of the unit are controversial; possibly she was stationed in Dalmatia in the second half of the 1st century . The first evidence in Moesia superior is based on two diplomas dated to 93. In the diplomas, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 94 to 103/105, prove unity in the same province.

The cohort took part in Trajan's Dacian wars ; she received awards for her achievements. The first evidence of unity in Dacia is based on a milestone dated 107/108. It is documented for the first time in the province by diplomas. In the diplomas, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Another diploma, dated 114, proves unity in the same province.

The first evidence of unity in Dacia Porolissensis is based on a diploma dated 123. Other diplomas, dated 128 to 164, prove unity in the same province.

Locations

Unit locations in Dacia Porolissensis may have been:

• Buciumi fort : two tesserae were found here.
• Orheiu Bistriței Castle : bricks with the stamp of unity were found here.

Bricks with the stamp of the unity were found at Golubac and Kostolac .

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

[?], a prefect ( CIL 3, 14619 ) Gaius Mammius Salutaris : he is named on the diploma of 101 as a commander.

Gaius Vibius Celer Papirius Rufus , a tribune Quintus Attius Priscus, a Prefect ( CIL 5, 7425 )

Others

Gaius, an Optio ( AE 1905, 16 ) Lucius Turanus, a centurion ( ILD 00646 ) M (arcus) Antonius Esumnus, a foot soldier: the diploma of 101 was issued to him. Quintus ( ILD 00644 )

Severinus, a centurion ( ILD 00644 ) Val (erius) Eumen [is], a centurion ( ILD 00640 ) Valerius Valer [i] anus, a horseman and librarius ( AE 1891, 48 )

See also

• List of Roman auxiliary units
• Roman forces in Dacia
• Roman forces in Moesia

literature

• Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Auxilia Moesiae Superioris , Mega Publishing House 2018, ISBN 978-606-020-063-5 ( online )
• Margaret M. Roxan : The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula. Dissertation, 1973 Volume 1 ( PDF 1 ) Volume 2 ( PDF 2 )
• John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

1. ↑ According to Margaret M. Roxan, it is uncertain whether the cohort was established by Vespasian or whether an existing Cohors I Hispanorum was awarded the Flavia honorary title by him .
2. ↑ ^{a b c} In a diploma of 110 ( CIL 16, 57 ) the cohort is listed with the additional names Ulpia and civium Romanorum . According to Margaret M. Roxan, the cohort received these awards for their achievements during the Dacian Wars.
3. ^ According to Margaret M. Roxan, W. Wagner assumed that the cohort was stationed in Dalmatia; this was u. A taken over by Géza Alföldy . Margaret M. Roxan, however, thinks this is unlikely.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} The assignment of the soldier to the unit is uncertain or controversial.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Inscriptions ( CIL 3, 14619 , CIL 10, 6426 ).
2. ^ Inscriptions ( AE 1891, 48 , AE 1905, 16 , AE 1996, 1603 , CIL 5, 7425 ).
3. ↑ Inscriptions with milliaria ( AE 1905, 16 , AE 1996, 1603 , CIL 3, 1627 , CIL 10, 6426 , ILD 00640 , ILD 00646 ).
4. ↑ Inscriptions with equitata ( CIL 3, 1627 , CIL 10, 6426 ).
5. ↑ Inscription with civium Romanorum ( CIL 3, 1627 )
6. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 93 ( AE 2014, 1154 , CIL 16, 39 ), 94 ( RMD 5, 335 ), 96 ( RMD 1, 6 ), 97 ( ZPE-152-234 ), 100 ( CIL 16, 46 , Chiron -2008-326 , ZPE-192-218 ), 101 ( Chiron-2008-329 , RMD 3, 143 , ZPE-192-220 ), 103/105 ( ZPE-194-223 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 57 , CIL 16, 163 , ZPE-176-221 ), 114 ( RMD 4, 226 ), 123 ( ZPE-176-236 ), 128 ( ZPE-170-214 ), 142/144 ( ZPE-181-190 ), 154 ( CIL 16, 110 ) and 164 ( AE 2007, 1764 , AMN-2006 / 07-203 , CIL 16, 185 , RMD 1, 63 , RMD 1, 64 , RMD 1, 65 , RMD 4, 287 ).
7. ^ ^{A b} John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 108, 118-119.
8. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 158 Table 2 ( PDF p. 160 ).
9. ↑ ^{a b c} Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea, Auxilia, pp. 59–60, 116, 127–128, 134, 139–140.
10. ^ ^{A b} Margaret M. Roxan , The Auxilia, pp. 218-223, 664-665.
11. ↑ Milestone ( CIL 3, 1627 ).
12. ↑ Tesserae from Buciumi ( ILD 00640 , ILD 00646 )
13. ↑ Bricks from Orheiu Bistriței : stamp CIH ${\displaystyle \infty }$ ( IDR-App-01-40, 00001 , IDR-App-01-44, 00001 , IDR-App-01-44, 00002 , IDR-App-01-44, 00003 , IDR -App-01-45, 00001 ).
14. ^ Bricks from Golubac : stamp COH I FLA HIS ${\displaystyle \infty }$ ( AE 1910, 85 ).
15. ^ Bricks from Kostolac : stamp COH I FLA HIS ${\displaystyle \infty }$ .