Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia)

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Military diploma of the year 80 AD for soldiers of the Cohors I Montanorum
Gravestone of Marius , soldier of the Cohors I Montanorum ( CIL 3, 4849 )

The Cohors I Montanorum (literally "1st cohort of mountain residents") was a military unit of the Roman army that belonged to the auxiliary troops.

As its name shows, it originally consisted of Norikers and was established after Noricum became a Roman province . Numerous military diplomas and a few other inscriptions make it possible to trace the path of the cohort during the first two centuries AD. However, the information is partly contradictory, so that research now assumes the existence of two cohorts of the same name. At least one of these cohorts had the addition civium Romanorum , which means that their relatives had received Roman citizenship.

Under Nero and Vespasian military diplomas name the cohort among the units stationed in Noricum. The unit or parts of it was initially stationed at the administrative center of the province, the city ​​on the Magdalensberg or its successor settlement Virunum , where several gravestones of soldiers of the cohort were found.

In the late Flavian period (under Titus and Domitian ) the cohort was stationed in Pannonia . There she built the Klosterneuburg fort on the Danube Limes from around the year 90 . A tombstone for a tuba player from the cohort was found in Carnuntum . Subsequently, at the end of the 1st century, the unit was relocated to the vicinity of Aquincum, possibly to the Danube fort Budapest-Albertfalva . The troops could have stayed there briefly. Another presumed location for this time is the Cornacum on the Croatian Danube .

Next a cohors I Montanorum is attested alternately in Moesia superior (96 AD, 100 AD, 103-106 AD) and again in Pannonia (98 AD, 102 AD) , but it could also be two units with the same name. During at least one of her repeated stays in Moesia superior , she was stationed in Ravna (Timacum minus) , as a funerary inscription found there for a prefect of the cohort shows. The southern Pannonian fort Ad Novas was probably the cohort's garrison during their stays in Moesia.

After the conquest of Dacia, the cohort temporarily belonged to the army of the new province, but was in the meantime also stationed again in the province of Pannonia Inferior, which was newly created by division. In 115 she was part of the Trajan's army for the Parthian War. Under Hadrian, the unit found itself alternately in Pannonia inferior and Moesia superior until it was relocated to Judea (or officially Syria Palestine ) to suppress the Bar Kochbar uprising . In 142/143 the cohort returned to Pannonia inferior and in 157 moved back to Moesia superior . Thereupon it is documented again for a few years from 158 to 160 AD in Syria Palestine (if it was not an independent vexillatio that took over the name of its mother unit), at the end of the reign of Antoninus Pius again in Moesia superior , under Marcus Aurelius and Commodus once more in Pannonia inferior. It could have served there in the 3rd century on the Danube Limes, in Alisca Castle , as the epigrapher Barnabás Lőrincz (1951–2012) assumed.

See also

Web links

Commons : Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ See: Jaroslav Šašel : Cohors I Montanorum. In: Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): 13th International Limes Congress Aalen 1983. Lectures (= studies on the military borders of Rome 3 = research and reports on prehistory and early history in Baden-Württemberg 20). Theiss, Stuttgart 1986, ISBN 3-8062-0776-3 , pp. 782-786 (not viewed); Margaret M. Roxan : Roman Military Diplomas. Volume 3: 1985-1993 (= Institute of Archeology - University College London. Occasional publications. Number 14). Institute of Archeology, London 1994, ISBN 0-905853-33-4 , p. 266, No. 148; Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Traian's Army in the Parthian War. On a new diploma from 115. In: Chiron . 35, 2005, pp. 49-67; here: p. 59.
  2. ↑ CIL 16, 6 .
  3. ↑ AE 2004, 1259 , 2nd half 76; AE 2004, 1922 , 76/77.
  4. ↑ CIL 3, 4844 ; CIL 3, 4846 ; CIL 3, 4847 ; CIL 3, 4849 ; CIL 3, 11554 ; Inscriptionum Lapidarium Latinarum Provinciae Norici usque ad annum MCMLXXXIV repertarum indices 237  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ubi-erat-lupa.org  
  5. ↑ CIL 16, 26 , 1st half 80 AD.
  6. ↑ CIL 16, 30 and CIL 16, 31 , from the years 84 and 85.
  7. ↑ The Roman Limes in Austria: Klosterneuburg Castle .
  8. ↑ AE 1979, 463 .
  9. ↑ Barnabás Lőrincz: The Roman auxiliaries in Pannonia during the Principate's time. Volume 1: The inscriptions (= Viennese archaeological studies 3). Forschungsgesellschaft Wiener Stadtarchäologie, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-902086-02-5 , p. 81.
  10. ^ Krisztina Szirmai: Auxiliary fort and vicus in Albertfalva. In: Paula Zsidi (Red.): Research in Aquincum. 1969-2002. In honor of Klára Póczy. Clarae Póczy Octogenariae (= Aquincum nostrum II. Vol. 2). Budapesti Történeti Múzeum, Budapest 2003, ISBN 963-9340-23-5 , pp. 93-95.
  11. ↑ Barnabás Lőrincz: The Roman auxiliaries in Pannonia during the Principate's time. Volume 1: The inscriptions (= Viennese archaeological studies 3). Forschungsgesellschaft Wiener Stadtarchäologie, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-902086-02-5 , p. 90.
  12. ↑ AE 1977, 722 .
  13. ↑ CIL 16:46 .
  14. ↑ Barbara Pferdehirt: Roman military diplomas and certificates of discharge in the collection of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum (= catalogs of prehistoric antiquities 37). Verlag des Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseums, Mainz 2004, ISBN 3-88467-086-7 , No. 13. Cf. also CIL 16, 54 which names the same governor.
  15. ↑ CIL 16:42 .
  16. ↑ CIL 16.47 ; AE 2005, 954 .
  17. ↑ a b Cf. Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl: Traian's Army in the Parthian War. On a new diploma from 115. In: Chiron . 35, 2005, pp. 49-67; here p. 59.
  18. ↑ Miroslava Mirković: Native population and Roman cities in the province of Upper Moesia . In: Rise and Fall of the Roman World . Department 2: Principat. Volume 6. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1977, ISBN 3-11-006735-8 , pp. 811-848, here p. 826.
  19. ↑ CIL 3, 14589 .
  20. ↑ Miroslava Mirković: Military diplomas from Viminacium and the settlement of auxiliary veterans: city or countryside? In: Géza Alföldy , Brian Dobson, Werner Eck (eds.): Emperor, Army and Society in the Roman Empire. Commemorative publication for Eric Birley (= Heidelberg ancient historical contributions and epigraphic studies 31). Steiner, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-515-07654-9 , pp. 365-375, here p. 368.
  21. ↑ AE 1990, 860 , 109 AD, for a soldier of this cohort; CIL 16, 163 , 110 A.D.
  22. ↑ AE 2005, 1710 ; AE 2005, 1723 .
  23. ↑ U. a. AE 2005, 1730 , 160 AD, see [1] .
  24. ↑ Barnabás Lőrincz: The Roman auxiliaries in Pannonia during the Principate's time. Volume 1: The inscriptions (= Viennese archaeological studies 3). Forschungsgesellschaft Wiener Stadtarchäologie, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-902086-02-5 , p. 104.