Cohors V Hispanorum

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The Cohors V Hispanorum [equitata] ( German  5th cohort of Hispanics [partially mounted] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions.

Name components

  • V : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number the fifth ( Latin quinta ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors quinta ...
  • Hispanorum : the Hispanic . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited on the territory of the Roman province of Hispania when the unit was established .
  • equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in an inscription.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Germania , Moesia and Moesia superior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 74-161.

The unit may have been set up during the reign of Augustus . The first evidence in Germania is based on a diploma dated 74. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province.

Presumably in the year 82 the unit was relocated to Moesia , where it is documented for the first time by a diploma which is dated September 20, 82. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, which are dated from 93 to 161, prove the unit in Moesia superior .

Participation of the cohort in Trajan's Dacer wars is conceivable, but not proven. In the diplomas of 115 the unit is listed as one of the cohorts that were detached from Moesia superior for the Parthian War of Trajan ( translatis in expeditione ). It is possible that the whole unit (or just a vexillation ) was (temporarily) moved to Numidia in the 2nd or 3rd century .

The last evidence of unity is based on an inscription dated 240.

Locations

The locations of the cohort are not known.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

  • Ποπλ (ιος) Αιλ (ιος) Αμμωνιος (Publius Aelius Ammonius), a tribune (IGR 1.623). He was also επαρχος (prefect) of the Ala I Flavia Gaetulorum and the Cohors I Germanorum .
  • [Ti (berius) C] laudius Verax: he is named on the diploma of 108 as a commander.

Others

See also

Web links

Commons : Cohors V Hispanorum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Auxilia Moesiae Superioris , Mega Publishing House 2018, ISBN 978-606-020-063-5 ( online )
  • Margaret M. Roxan : The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula. Dissertation, 1973 Volume 1 ( PDF 1 ) Volume 2 ( PDF 2 )
  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ^ The diploma of 82 was issued for the units stationed in Germania ; In addition, it also lists three units that at that time had already been relocated from Germania to the province of Moesia , including the Cohors V Hispanorum . According to Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl, the relocation took place only a short time before the diploma was issued.
  2. ↑ The tombstone of Aurelius Marcus ( CIL 8, 4416 ), which was erected by his comrade (or brother) Aurelius Suruclius , was found in Lambiridi . According to Margaret M. Roxan , there are two possible explanations for this: either Aurelius Suruclius served in another unit and built a cenotaph for Aurelius Marcus, or the two served together in the Cohors V Hispanorum , which was then in Numidia .
  3. ↑ a b The soldier's name and the name of his centurion are on a round, bronze owner's mark with a diameter of approx. 4 cm. According to Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl, the owner's tag was probably attached to a piece of equipment or a personal item belonging to the soldier with wire.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ inscription with equitata ( CIL 11, 1597 )
  2. ^ A b John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 108, 135.
  3. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 159, 164, tables 3, 8 ( PDF ).
  4. ↑ a b c d e Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea, Auxilia, pp. 62–63, 117, 127–131.
  5. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 74 ( CIL 16, 20 ), 82 ( CIL 16, 28 ), 93 ( CIL 16, 39 ), 94 ( RMD 5, 335 ), 96 ( RMD 1, 6 ), 100 ( Chiron-2008- 326 , Chiron-2008-338 , Chiron-2008-340 , CIL 16, 46 , ZPE-192-218 ), 101 ( Chiron-2008-329 ), 103/105 ( ZPE-194-223 ), 103/106 ( Chiron-2009-567 ), 108 ( AE 2004, 1898 ), 110/111 ( AMN-2018-30 ), 115 ( Chiron-2005-64 , Chiron-2008-363 , ZPE-194-229 ), 126 ( Dacia -2006-104 ), 135 ( ZPE-203-227 ), 151 ( RMM 31 ), 157 ( Chiron-2008-286 , Chiron-2008-380 , Chiron-2008-381 , RMD 5, 418 , RMM 37 , ZPE -165-237 ), 158/159 ( RMD 5, 419 ), 159 ( CIL 16, 111 ) and 161 ( RMD 1, 55 ).
  6. ↑ a b c Margaret M. Roxan , The Auxilia, pp. 284-288, 295-297, 686-687.
  7. ↑ Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea: Participation of the Auxiliary Troops from Moesia Superior in Trajan's Dacian Wars In: Dacia , Bucarest, 2006, pp. 127–140, here p. 132 ( online ).
  8. ↑ Inscription (IGR 1.623)
  9. ↑ a b c d Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: A Sequaner in a military diploma from July 27, 108 In: RÉMA , Volume 1 (2004), pp. 103–115, here pp. 111–115 ( online ).