Columbia-Moses (language)
| Columbia-Moses (Columbia-Wenatchi; Nxaảmxcín ) | ||
|---|---|---|
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Spoken in |
USA (northern Idaho / eastern Washington ) | |
| speaker | 40 (2007; 230 members in total (Census 2000)) | |
| Linguistic classification |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
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| ISO 639 -2 |
- |
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| ISO 639-3 |
col |
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Columbia-Moses, or Columbia-Wenatchi , is a language of the Southern Inland Salish ; the native name is Nxaảmxcín . The remaining native speakers inhabit the Colville Indian Reservation
There are two dialects: Wenatchi is the traditional language of the Wenatchi , Chelan and Entiat tribes , Columbia that of the Sinkiuse-Columbia .
Phonology
The phonology of the Columbia-Wenatchi dialect is as follows:
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nor. | lab. | nor. | lab. | nor. | lab. | |||||||
| Plosives | easy | p | t | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʕ | ʕʷ | ʔ | ||
| glottalized | pʼ | tʼ | k ' | kʼʷ | qʼ | qʼʷ | ʕʼ | ʕʼʷ | ||||
| nasal | easy | m | n | |||||||||
| glottalized | m ' | nʼ | ||||||||||
| Trill | easy | r | ||||||||||
| glottalized | rʼ | |||||||||||
| Affricates | easy | ts | ||||||||||
| glottalized | ts' | tɬʼ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | s | ɬ | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | H | H | H | |||
| Approximant | easy | w | l | j | ||||||||
| glottalized | wʼ | lʼ | jʼ | |||||||||
There are three vowels in Columbia-Moses: / i /, / a /, / u /. They are (in the English-speaking world) occasionally transcribed as [e] (/ i /), [o] (/ u /) and [æ] (/ a /) and can show a tendency towards unstressed pronunciation, usually as a Schwa sound / ə /.
Individual evidence
- ^ Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International . M. Paul Lewis, Gary F. Simons, Charles D. Fennig. 2015. Accessed April 2, 2018.
- ^ Glottolog.org
swell
- Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa and Paul Proulx. 2000. "REVIEWS - What's in a Word? Structure in Moses-Columbia Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics . 66, no. 3: 410.
- Kinkade, M. Dale. Dictionary of the Moses-Columbia Language (Nxaảmxcín) . Nespelem, Wash: Colville Confederated Tribes, 1981.
- Mattina, Nancy. 2006. "Determiner Phrases in Moses-Columbia Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics . 72, no. 1: 97.
- Willet, Marie Louise. 2003. "A Grammatical Sketch of Nxa'amxcin" PhD Thesis, University of Victoria.