Connellia

Connellia
	Connellia quelchii
Systematics
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Bromeliads (Bromeliaceae)
Subfamily :	Lindmanioideae
Genre :	Connellia
Scientific name
	Connellia
	NEBr.

Connellia is a genus of plants in the subfamily Lindmanioideae withinthe bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae). Previously they were classified in the subfamily Pitcairnioideae . About six species belong to the genus. None of the species is used by humans and they are rarely found in any botanical garden.

description

In connellia TYPES concerns terrestrial or lithophytische , mostly xerophytic , perennial herbaceous plants , sometimes through vegetative propagation make stocks. Over the course of many years, some species form small, non-woody trunks that can sometimes be branched.

The coarse leaves stand together in basal or terminal rosettes . The leaf sheath is well developed. The leaf margins are smooth or prickly serrated. At least the underside of the leaf is scaly. The stomata are significantly longer than they are wide and have narrow secondary cells.

Connellia species form an inflorescence stem 0.4 to 2.5 meters long, depending on the species. The simple or branched inflorescences have bracts ; if there are partial inflorescences they contain only a few flowers. There are flower stalks. The showy, hermaphrodite flowers are threefold with double perianth . The three free, convolute sepals are much shorter than the petals. The three free petals have no ligules, are bright pink to purple and fully open . There are two circles with three free stamens each and they do not protrude beyond the petals. Three carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown. The slender stylus is erect and straight.

The flower formula is: or ${\ displaystyle \ star \; K_ {3} \; C_ {3} \; A_ {3 + 3}}$ ${\ displaystyle G _ {\ underline {(3)}}}$

Septicidal capsule fruits are formed. The narrow seeds have two relatively long appendages as wings.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Connellia was published by Nicholas Edward Brown in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London , Series 2, 6, S, 66 in January 1901 . Type species is Connellia augustae (RHSchomb.) NEBr. , which as Encholirion augustae by Robert Hermann Schomburgk in Verh. Verein Förder. Horticulture Royal Preuss. States , Volume 18, 1846, p. 156 was first published. The genus name Connellia honors the English ornithologist and biologist Frederick Vavasour McConnell (1868-1914), who with JJ Quelch collected specimens of Connellia augustae and Connellia quelchii on the Roraima-Tepui in the triangle between Venezuela , Brazil and Guyana .

Since molecular genetic studies showed that the subfamily Pitcairnioideae was not monophyletic in its original extent, it was divided into several subfamilies. The subfamily of the Lindmanioideae with the two genera Connellia and Lindmania was described by Givnish et al. Established in 2007. The connellia TYPES possess compared to the Lindmania larger and more intensively petals species.

The distribution area is the eastern Venezuela and adjacent areas in Guyana and Brazil . They only appear on the Guiana sign from Ptari-Tepui to Roraima-Tepui . They thrive on unforested slopes and in the summit area of the Tepui .

There are about six species of Connellia :

Connellia augustae ( RHSchomb. ) NEBr. (Syn .: Encholirium augustae M.R.Schomb. , Dyckia augustae (MRSchomb.) Baker , Puya augustae (MRSchomb.) Mez) : It grows terrestrially or lithophytically at altitudes between 2000 and 2800 meters in Venezuela and Guyana.
Connellia caricifolia L.B.Sm. : It grows terrestrially or lithophytically at altitudes between 2300 and 2800 meters in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Connellia nahoumii Leme : It grows in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Connellia nutans L.B.Sm. : It grows lithophytically at altitudes between 1300 and 2400 meters in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Connellia quelchii N.E.Br. (Syn .: Puya augustae Mez , Puya roraimae Mez , Puya quelchii (NEBr.) LBSm. ): It grows lithophytically mostly at altitudes between 2,400 and 2,800 meters in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Connellia varadarajanii L.B.Sm. & Steyermark : It grows terrestrially or lithophytically at altitudes between 2300 and 2800 meters in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela, the main place of discovery is the Auyan-Tepui .

No longer belongs to the genus:

Connellia smithiana Steyerm. & Luteyn → Lindmania smithiana (Steyerm. & Luteyn) LBSm.

swell

The Bromeliaceae family on the AP website. (Section systematics)
Harry E. Luther: An Alphabetical List of Bromeliad Binomials , 2008 (PDF; 321 kB) in The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, Florida, USA. Published by The Bromeliad Society International. (PDF file; 314 kB)
Werner Rauh : Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other culturally worthy bromeliads , Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3
Harold Robinson: A Monograph on Foliar Anatomy of the Genera Connellia, Cottendorfia, and Navia (Bromeliaceae). In: Smithsonian contributions to Botany , number 2, 1969, pp. 1–41: PDF-Online.
Thomas J. Givnish, Kendra C. Millam, Paul E. Berry, Kenneth J. Sytsma: Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography of Bromeliaceae inferred from ndhF sequence data. In: Aliso , Volume 23, 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, pp. 3-26: Online. (PDF; 2.1 MB)
Jason R. Grant: An annotated catalog of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae , 1998: Online - About the names of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae. (Section systematics)

Lyman B. Smith , Robert Jack Downs: Flora Neotropica , Volume 14, No. 1: Pitcairnioideae (Bromeliaceae) , 1974, Hafner Press, New York, USA. ISBN 0-89327-303-1 : Connellia on p. 212.

Julian A. Steyermark, Paul E. Berry, Bruce K. Holst: Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana , Volume 3, Araliaceae - Cactaceae , 1997. ISBN 0-915279-46-0

Individual evidence

^ Jason R. Grant: An annotated catalog of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae , 1998: Online - About the names of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae.

↑ On the names of the bromeliad genera at the Bromeliad Society International . ( Memento of the original from February 3, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ In “Species Index” click on Connellia in Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 3.1 (2012). last accessed on December 3, 2014

Web links

Images of several kinds.

[Grant1998-1] Jason R. Grant: An annotated catalog of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae , 1998: Online - About the names of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae.