Bodenseefelchen
| Bodenseefelchen | ||||||||||||
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Bodenseefelchen, historical panel by MEBloch, the first descriptor of the species |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Coregonus wartmanni | ||||||||||||
| ( Bloch , 1784) |
The Bodenseefelchen ( Coregonus wartmanni ), also known as blue fluff , is a freshwater fish from the genus Coregonus that occurs in Lake Constance . It is a tasty food fish . His main interests are professional Lake Constance fishing .
The (also the ) whitefish and the whitefish (formerly: Ferche ) is the regional designation for fish of the genus Coregonus ; in old Bavaria and Austria they are called "Renke" or "Reinanke", in northern Germany "Vendace".
features
The European Coregoninae are so similar that some scientists have already suspected that it is ultimately a single species ( Coregonus lavaretus ) that has only developed different morphs or ecotypes . Therefore, one sometimes sees the different Coregoninae taxonomically represented as subspecies . However, this has been contradicted by others (Kottelat, 1997). The blue fluff in particular can currently hardly be distinguished morphologically from the gang fish ( Coregonus macrophthalmus ), because important features also overlap. In addition, there are extremely small differences in the genetic characteristics investigated so far, some of which were only detectable at all if those specimens with morphologically overlapping characteristics were excluded. On the other hand, there are differences in biology and way of life between blue flies and gang fish. While the bluebell is an inhabitant of the upper layers of the pelagic and also spawns there over greater depths (from September to December), gang fish live near the banks and also spawn there or in the flowing Rhine (in November and December). The egg sizes also differ in relation to body size as well as the growth and behavior of the larvae, which can actually only be based on genetic differences. The number of gill- trap extensions in the Blaufelchen is between 33 and 39, in the gang fish between 35 and 44. The body of the animals is slender, elongated and somewhat compressed at the sides. The head is pointed and conical. The mouth is terminal to subordinate. The fish are whitish silver on the sides and greenish on the back. Bluebell can be up to 50 cm long, gang fish only about 32 cm.
Stocks
The fishery for this fish has been in decline since the 1970s. The fishermen cite the increasing purity of Lake Constance water as the reason, as this has resulted in a sharp decrease in algae and plankton growth due to a lack of wastewater, which means that the population and body size of Lake Constance flels have declined. This is also confirmed by studies by the Baden-Württemberg Fisheries Research Center in Langenargen. The heavy phosphate input has promoted algae and plant growth since the 1950s, which in turn led to an increase in the plankton on which the whitefish feed. The perch population increased for the same reason.
Blaufelchen as a food
The Blaufelchen has a light-colored, firm, boneless meat and can be fried, steamed or smoked. However, due to its coarse scale structure and adipose fin , it is advisable to remove the skin and fins.
Hazardous situation
The Lake Constance Flel is listed as Least Concern by the World Conservation Union IUCN in the Red List of Endangered Species . For this species that only lives in Lake Constance, she does not see any current or future risk potential, as well-functioning water management exists.
History
As early as 1437, the Bodenseefelchen as supraregional edible fish for export in the city law of the city of Bolzano as "ferries that are brought from Podensehee" and can be offered for sale at the local fish bank.
literature
- Julius Grim: On the history of the "artificial breeding" of Blaufelchen , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 101st year 1983, pp. 131–148 ( digitized version )
- August Kopfmüller, Ernst Scheffelt: Blaufelchenlaich and climatic factors , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 53rd year 1924, pp. 35–56 ( digitized version )
- Maurice Kottelat: European Freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation . Biologia (Bratislava) Sect. Zool., 52 (Suppl.). 1997.
- Maurice Kottelat & Jörg Freyhof: Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes . 2007, ISBN 978-2-8399-0298-4 .
- Erich Wagler : The little blue of Lake Constance. Attempt to create a monograph , 1927
- Erich Wagler: The stock of blue flies (Coregonus wartmanni Bloch) in Lake Constance and the management of the Alpine Renkenseen , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 58th year 1930, pp. 121–188 ( digitized version )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Steinmann, P. (1950): Monograph of the Swiss Coregons. Contribution to the problem of the emergence of new species. Swiss Journal of Hydrology , 12: 109–189, 340–491.
- ↑ Luczynski, M., Rösch, R., Vuorinen, JA & Brzuzan, P. (1995): Biochemical genetic study of sympatric Lake Constance whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus ) populations: “Blaufelchen” and “Gangfisch”. Aquatic Sciences , 57 (2): 136-143.
- ↑ Hecht, W., Förster, M. & Klein, M. (1987): Biochemical-genetic studies on the question of the genetic differentiation of blue whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus wartmanni , Bloch) and gangfish ( Coregonus lavaretus macrophthalmus , Nüsslin) from Lake Constance. Journal of Applied Ichthyology , 3 (2): 68-76.
- ↑ Eckmann, R. (1987): A comparative study on the temperature dependence of embryogenesis in three coregonids ( Coregonus spp.) From Lake Constance. Aquatic Sciences , 49 (3): 353-362.
- ↑ Fisheries Research Center Baden-Württemberg: The whitefish
- ↑ Coregonus waiting manni in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2009. Posted by: Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M., 2008. Accessed on March 5 of 2010.
- ^ Hannes Obermair : Bozen Süd - Bolzano Nord. Written form and documentary tradition of the city of Bozen up to 1500 . tape 2 . City of Bozen, Bozen 2008, ISBN 978-88-901870-1-8 , p. 80, No. 996, § 18 .