Bug seeds

Bug seeds
Gray bug seed ( Corispermum marschallii ), illustration
Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales) Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae) Subfamily : Corispermoideae Tribe : Corispermeae Genre : Bug seeds
Scientific name
Corispermum
L.

The bug seeds ( Corispermum L.) are a genus of plants of the subfamily Corispermoideae within the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). They used to be part of the goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The bug seeds are annual plants . Young parts of the plant have characteristic hairs made up of branched trichomes . Their alternately arranged, sitting leaves are flat, linear or elliptical and have entire margins. They are little or hardly fleshy.

blossoms

The inflorescences are spikes . The flowers sit individually in the axilla of a leaf-like bract , bracteoles are missing. The flowers are hermaphroditic. The inflorescence usually consists of three dry-skinned tepals that are interconnected below , have no vascular bundles and do not survive the flowering period ( anthesis ). In some species, the bloom is completely absent. There are three stamens. The pollen grains are of the "Chenopodium type". The spherical ovary has two free stigma branches.

fruit

At the fruiting time, the axes of the inflorescence lengthen. The fruit is clearly compressed, elliptical or broadly elliptical, with supporting tissue made from macrosklereids . Their surface is bald or hairy. At the edge the fruit is winged wider or narrower. The vertical seeds contain a horseshoe-shaped embryo that surrounds the abundant nutrient tissue ( perisperm ).

Chromosome number

The chromosome number of the species examined so far is 2n = 18.

Photosynthetic pathway

All of the species examined so far show a leaf anatomy without a crown layer (Corispermum type) and are C ₃ plants .

distribution

The bug seed species are common in the temperate zones of Europe, Asia and North America. Some species were introduced outside of their actual range in Eurasia and North America, for example Corispermum declinatum and Corispermum pallasii .

Many species are psammophytes , so they grow on sandy soils .

In Germany there are two types, gray bug seeds and narrow-winged bug seeds .

Systematics

Hyssop-leaved bug seed ( Corispermum hyssopifolium ), illustration

The genus Corispermum was established by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 4 in 1753 . The type species is Corispermum hyssopifolium L. The genus Corispermum belongs to the tribe Corispermeae , the only tribe of the subfamily Corispermoideae within the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). Phylogenetic studies confirm the monophyly of the genus.

The genus bug seeds ( Corispermum ) includes at least 65 species. The genus Corispermum has so far been divided into different sections, which, according to research by Juan Juan Xue & Ming Li Zhang 2011, do not depict the phylogenetic relationships. Instead, several natural clades can be identified (called "sections", but without valid naming):

• Cladus 1: They have broadly elliptical or spherical fruits that are clearly outlined at the top and have wide fruit wings. These species are mainly found in East Asia :
  • Corispermum confertum Bunge : It occurs in China and Russia's Far East.
  • Corispermum platypterum Kitag. : It occurs in Hebei, Liaoning and Jilin.
  • Corispermum puberulum Iljin : It occurs in China.
  • Corispermum stenolepis Kitag. : It occurs in China.
• Cladus 2: With them the fruit is not sanded up. These species are mainly found in northwestern China:
  • Corispermum tylocarpum Hance : It occurs in China and in eastern Mongolia.
  • Corispermum pamiricum Iljin : It occurs in two varieties in Central Asia, in Gansu, Xinjiang and Xizang.
  • Corispermum patelliforme Iljin : It occurs in China and Mongolia.
  • Corispermum dutreuilii Iljin : It occurs in China and Central Asia.
• Cladus 3: With them, the fruit characteristics are very diverse, so that further subdivisions will probably be made here:
  • Corispermum candelabrum Iljin : It occurs in China.
  • Corispermum chinganicum Iljin : It occurs in two varieties in China, in Mongolia and in southeastern Siberia.
  • Corispermum declinatum Steph. ex Stev. : It occurs in China, Mongolia, southern Siberia and northern Asia and is a neophyte in Eastern Europe.
  • Corispermum dilutum (Kitag.) Tsien & GGMa : It occurs in China.
  • Corispermum elongatum Bunge : It occurs in China, in southeast Siberia and in Russia's Far East.
  • Corispermum heptapotamicum Bunge : It occurs in eastern Kazakhstan, Gabnus and Xinjiang.
  • Corispermum lepidocarpum Grub. : It occurs in eastern Xizang.
  • Corispermum macrocarpum Bunge : It occurs in western Liaoning and in Russia's Far East.
  • Corispermum mongolicum Iljin : It occurs in China, Mongolia and western Siberia.
  • Corispermum stauntonii Moq. : It occurs in China.
  • Corispermum tibeticum Iljin : It occurs in Pakistan, Kashmir, Central Asia, in Qinghai and in Xizang.
  • Corispermum zaidamicum R.F.Huang
• Cladus 4: With them, the fruits are rounded at the top, they have a wide fruit wing:
  • Corispermum lehmannianum Bunge : It occurs in Xinjiang, Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan.
  • Corispermum orientale Lam. : It occurs in Xinjiang, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, southeastern European Russia, southwestern Siberia and western Mongolia.
• Further species that have not yet been examined for their phylogenetic classification (list is not complete):
  • Corispermum afghanicum Podlech
  • Corispermum aralocaspicum Ilyin
  • Hyssop-leaved bug seed ( Corispermum hyssopifolium L. )
  • Narrow-winged bug seed ( Corispermum intermedium Schweigg. )
  • Gray bug seed ( Corispermum marschallii Stev. )
  • Corispermum papillosum (O. Kuntze) Ilyin

literature

• ICHedge: Corispermum . In: Karl Heinz Rechinger et al. (Ed.): Flora Iranica, Volume 172 - Chenopodiaceae . Graz, Akad. Druck, 1997, pp. 110-114. (Sections description, systematics)
• Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Fruit anatomy and its taxonomic significance in Corispermum (Corispermoideae, Chenopodiaceae). In: Willdenowia , Volume 37, 2007, ISSN  0511-9618 , pp. 63-87, doi : 10.3372 / wi.37.37103 . (Sections description, chromosome number, distribution, systematics)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Thomas Borsch, Kurt Weising, and Helmut Freitag: Phylogeny of Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae and the evolution of C ₄ photosynthesis , In: International Journal of Plant Science , Volume 164, Issue 6, 2003, pp. 959-986. ISSN  1058-5893 , doi : 10.1086 / 378649
2. ↑ Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 94.
3. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
4. ↑ ^{a b} Juan Juan Xue & Ming Li Zhang: Monophyly and infrageneric variation of Corispermum L. (Chenopodiaceae), evidence from sequence data psbB-psbH, rbcL and ITS , In: Journal of Arid Land , Volume 3, Issue 4, 2011, Pp. 240-253. doi : 10.3724 / SP.J.1227.2011.00240 , PDF .
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u} Dezhao Chen, Dianxiang Zhang, Kai Larsen: Corispermum Linnaeus. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 5: Chenopodiaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010
6. ^ Pertti Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . Corispermum intermedium. Entry at Euro + Med Plantbase

Web links

Commons : Bug Seeds ( Corispermum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files