Corymborkis
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Corymborkis veratrifolia |
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| Thouars |
The genus corymborkis from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae) consists of eight plant species and is pantropisch common. The plants grow terrestrially in the undergrowth of forests.
description
From the rhizome of the Corymborkis species, upright, unbranched shoots up to several meters long arise at short intervals . The roots arise in clusters at the base of the shoot. It is known of Corymborkis veratrifolia that the roots are surrounded by a three- to four-layer velamen . The rungs are leafed in two rows. The leaves are oval to lanceolate in shape, paper-like thin, folded along the numerous visible longitudinal nerves. At the base they go without a stalk or only very briefly stalked into a leaf sheath that includes the shoot.
The inflorescences appear laterally from the leaf axils. They are shorter than the leaves, have numerous flowers and are usually branched. The flowers can be resupinated , they are arranged in two lines on the inflorescence axis, the peduncle is short and twisted, the ovary is cylindrical. The flower color is white, yellowish or greenish. The petals are shaped the same except for the lip: linear to lanceolate, abruptly narrower at the base and thus spatulate. At the base, the petals are a short piece fused or stuck together. The lip is slightly wider than the other petals, it encloses the column with the lower, narrow part , the front, wide part is spread out until it is turned back. The column is long, slender, winged on the sides. The stamen is dorsal, in the axis of the column, it contains two elongated pollinia . The pollinia themselves are again divided lengthways, the pollen is in numerous pieces sticking together. The pollinia hang over a cylindrical stalk (hamulus) on the adhesive gland (viscidium). Between stamen and stigma is the distinctly developed rostellum, this is bilobed. The bilobed scar lies across the axis of the column. The capsules are ribbed six times, and the dried flower remains often stick to the fruit.
Comber reports from Corymborkis veratrifolia that the white, night-scented flowers are visited by moths.
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distribution
The species of the genus Corymborkis have a wide distribution in the tropics . In America they colonize the Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America as far as Paraguay and Argentina in the south. In Africa they occur almost everywhere south of the Sahara except for desert areas, also in Madagascar and the Comoros. In Southeast Asia they occur from southern China to northern Australia, towards the southeast they still reach the Solomon Islands .
They grow terrestrially in moist or dry forests.
Systematics and botanical history
The genus corymborkis was 1809 Thouars with the type species corymborkis corymbis described . The genus name comes from the Greek κόρυμβος corymbos , "tip" (also: "flower cluster ") and describes the paniculate inflorescences.
The genus forms together with Tropidia the tribe Tropidieae.
The following species are known in this genus:
- Corymborkis corymbis Thouars , tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar and islands in the western Indian Ocean.
- Corymborkis flava (Sw.) Kuntze , tropical America.
- Corymborkis forcipigera (Rchb.f. & Warsz.) LOWilliams , Mexico to Colombia and islands of the Caribbean.
- Corymborkis galipanensis (Rchb.f.) Foldats , Colombia and northern Venezuela.
- Corymborkis guyanensis Szlach., S. Nowak & Baranow : It was first described from Guiana in 2017.
- Corymborkis harlingii Szlach. & Kolan. : It was first described in 2017 from Colombia and Ecuador.
- Corymborkis minima P.J. Cribb , Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea.
- Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Flower , tropical and subtropical Asia, Queensland and Pacific islands.
For Corymborkis Thouars there are the following synonyms: Corymbis Thouars ex Lindl. nom. superfl., Corymborchis Thouars ex Blume orth. var., Hysteria Reinw. , Macrostylis Breda nom. illeg., Rhynchandra Rchb. , Rhynchanthera flower nom. illegal, Tomotris Raf.
literature
- Jim B. Comber: Orchids of Java . Bentham-Moxon Trust, Kew 1990, ISBN 0-947643-21-4 , pp. 23 .
- Isobyl la Croix, Philipp J. Cribb: Corymborkis . In: Flora Zambesiaca . tape 11 , no. 1 . London 1995 ( kew.org ).
- CH Dodson, CA Luer: Orchidaceae part 2 (Aa-Cyrtidiorchis) . In: G. Harling, L. Andersson (Eds.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 76 . Botanical Institute, Göteborg University 2005, ISBN 91-88896-51-X , pp. 144 .
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Epidendroideae (Part one) . 2nd Edition. tape 4/1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2005, ISBN 0-19-850712-7 , pp. 618-620 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ d01phil . In: Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences. publié par la Société Philomatique de Paris, Paris 1.1809, 318. (Online in: archive.org)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Corymborkis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 6, 2020.
