Culicoides impunctatus

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Culicoides impunctatus
Culicoides impunctatus.png

Culicoides impunctatus

Systematics
Superordinate : New winged wing (Neoptera)
Order : Fly (Diptera)
Subordination : Mosquitoes (Nematocera)
Family : Midges (Ceratopogonidae)
Genre : Culicoides
Type : Culicoides impunctatus
Scientific name
Culicoides impunctatus
Goetghebuer , 1920

Culicoides impunctatus ,called Highland Midge in Great Britain, is a species of blood-sucking insect fromthe midges family (Ceratopogonidae). The distribution area is Eurasia from the British Isles to China.

description

On the wings, Culicoides impunctatus has characteristic dark spots ( Latin punctatus 'dotted'), which gives it its name and which can be used for identification when enlarged. The wingspan is 1.4 mm.

Since it is difficult to differentiate clearly from similar species such as Culicoides cubitalis , determination by means of rDNA analysis is often used .

behavior

Culicoides impunctatus occurs in swarms in bog and forest areas. The adult females prefer the morning and evening hours to search for prey . Their hosts in the Scottish Highlands are cattle (38.4%), roe deer (23.0%), sheep (9.9%) and humans (0.3%). They can locate their prey at a distance of up to 200 m. In the olfactory orientation play 1-octen-3-ol , urine , phenolic compounds , acetone and CO 2 a role. CO 2 is used for precise localization.

Undisturbed, a blood-sucking Culicoides impunctatus takes about 2 µl of blood within 3-4 minutes  . However, a blood meal is not absolutely necessary for the first clutch to ripen. A female lays 30–100 eggs on moist surfaces during the summer . After 24 hours, the larva hatches , which in the omnivorous or detritus- eating wet area live through a total of 4 larval stages and overwinter in the fourth. The pupal stage in May or June only lasts 1–2 days.

hazards

Infections can be transmitted during the blood meal , e.g. B. Haemoproteus belopolskyi, a pathogen that is pathogenic for birds .

Countermeasures

As an effective repellent is eucalyptus oil used.

Fragrance traps that release 1-octen-3-ol or other phenolic compounds or acetone and CO 2 are also effective. The release of CO 2 must take place at a rate of at least 200 ml / min. The most effective are fragrance traps which release 1-octen-3-ol, cow urine and CO 2 or acetone, cow urine and CO 2 .

literature

  • MA Hill: The life-cycle and habits of Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer and Culicoides obsoletus Meigen, together with some observations on the life-cycle of Culicoides odibilis Austen, Culicoides pallidicornis Kieffer, Culicoides cubita lis Edwards and Culicoides chiopterus Meigen. In: Ann Trop Med Parasitol. Volume 41, No. 1, May 1947, pp. 55-115.
  • John Boorman, Philip Goddard: Observations on the biology of Culicoides impunctatus Goetgh. (Dipt., Ceratopogonidae) in southern England. In: Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 60, No. 02, 1970, pp. 189-198, doi : 10.1017 / S0007485300058624 .
  • A. Blackwell, A. Ritchie, JR Hillman, B. Fenton: Meanbh-chuileag-the Highland biting midge . PDF English, accessed August 11, 2015.

Web links

Commons : Culicoides impunctatus  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g A. Blackwell, A. Ritchie, JR Hillman, B. Fenton: Meanbh-chuileag-the Highland biting midge . PDF English, accessed August 11, 2015.
  2. ↑ http://www.scri.ac.uk/scri/file/annualreports/2002/09Midges.pdf
  3. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.snh.org.uk
  4. ^ DS Kettle: The spatial distribution of Culicoides impunctatus Goet. under woodland and moorland conditions and its flight range through woodland. In: Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 42, No. 02, September 1951, pp. 239-291, doi : 10.1017 / S0007485300025323 .
  5. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.snh.gov.uk
  6. ^ Alison Blackwell: Diel flight periodicity of the biting midge Culicoides impunctatus and the effects of meteorological conditions. In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology , Vol. 11, No. 4, 1997, pp. 361-367, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2915.1997.tb00423.x .
  7. ↑ A. Blackwell, W. Mordue: Identification of bloodmeals of the Scottish biting midge, Highland Midge, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology , Vol. 8, No. 1, 1994, pp. 20-24, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2915.1994.tb00378.x .
  8. ↑ http://www.downgardenservices.org.uk/midge.htm
  9. ↑ Blackwell, C. Dyer, AJ Mordue, LJ Wadhams, W. Mordue: The role of 1 ‐ octen ‐ 3 ‐ ol as a host ‐ odor attractant for the biting midge, Culicoides impunctatus Goetghebuer, and interactions of 1 ‐ octen ‐ 3 -Ol with a volatile pheromone produced by parous female midges. In: Physiological Entomology , Volume 21, No. 1, March 1996, pp. 15-19, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-3032.1996.tb00830.x .
  10. ↑ a b c A. Bhasin, W. Mordue: Field studies on efficacy of host odor baits for the biting midge Culicoides impunctatus in Scotland. In: Medical and Veterinary Entomology , Vol. 15, No. 2, 2001, pp. 147-156, doi : 10.1046 / j.1365-2915.2001.00285.x .
  11. ↑ R. Ziegytė, V. Palinauskas, R. Bernotienė, TA Iezhova, G. Valkiūnas: Haemoproteus minutus and Haemoproteus belopolskyi (Haemoproteidae): complete sporogony in the biting midge Culicoides impunctology (Ceratopogonidae. In: Exp Parasitol. , Volume 145, October 2014, pp. 74-79, doi : 10.1016 / j.exppara.2014.07.014 .
  12. ↑ Gediminas Valkiūnas, Tatjana A. Iezhova: The transmission of Haemoproteus belopolskyi (Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) of blackcap by Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). In: Journal of Parasitology , Vol. 90, No. 1, 2004, pp. 196-198, doi : 10.1645 / GE-3223RN .
  13. ^ JK Trigg: Evaluation of a eucalyptus-based repellent against Culicoides impunctatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Scotland. (PDF) In: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association-Mosquito News , Vol. 12, No. 2, 1996, pp. 329-330.