Culmer Academy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Culmer Academy building

The Culmer Academy (Latin Academia Culmensis ; Polish Akademia Chełmińska ) was an educational institution in Culm (Chełmno) in Prussia from 1756 to 1779.

history

Previous schools

In 1386 Pope Urban VI. a privilege to set up a Studium generale in Culm as a branch of the University of Bologna , which, however, was probably never implemented, also not in 1454 after the approval of Emperor Sigismund .

In 1473 brothers from living together founded a school ( schola particularis ) in Culm, which existed until 1539. Since 1554 there was a Protestant grammar school under the rector Johann Hoppe , but it had to close again after two years due to disagreements between Protestant and Catholic representatives of the city. In the following decades there was a school, but there is hardly any information about it.

Academic high school and academy

In 1676 the missionaries who had come to the city were given the management of the school by St. Vincent de Paul . In 1692 its superior Giovanni Fabri converted it into an academic high school . For this he was able to win a teacher from the University of Krakow .

In 1756 this was formally a "colony" of the university and was called the Culmer Academy ( Academia Culmensis ). It was subordinate to the university, which also provided the teaching staff. The Culmer Academy was one of the numerically largest colonies, next to those in Poznań (Posen) and Lviv (Lemberg).

It was the only university educational institution in Polish Prussia . The city continued to provide economic and financial support.

After the area passed to the Kingdom of Prussia , the Cracow University ended the collaboration in 1779. The school was now continued by the city with the participation of the diocese of Culm . It was closed in 1815.

Later facilities

In 1818 a higher middle school was set up in the building . In 1837 a new Catholic grammar school was opened there, which existed until 1939.

Structures

Academic high school 1692–1755

The academic high school had four classes teaching poetics , rhetoric , syntax and grammar . Two teachers were employed for this purpose, a professor from the University of Krakow for the first two subjects, and usually a friar of the missionaries for the others . The school was run by the superior of the order, who was also provost of the city.

In the first year 1692/93 there were 81 students who only attended one of the classes. Most of the names were Polish. Only Latin texts were dealt with in class.

Academy 1756–1779

From 1756 the school was an academy of the University of Cracow . The rector was appointed by this, in addition there was a provisional arrangement in which representatives of the city and the provost were represented.

Most of the teachers were professors at the university. Another subject was philosophy.

High school 1780–1815

Since 1780, the school was again in the hands of the city, with significant influence from the bishop . The teachers were now mostly friars of the missionaries. The compilation of subjects remained the same.

Personalities

Gregor Gervasius Gorczycki, professor 1692–1694

Deans

(were the superiors of the missionary brothers until 1755)

  • Giovanni Antonio Fabri (Jan Antoni Fabri), 1692–1695, organized the establishment of the Academic Gymnasium
  • Jakub Ignacy Cyboni, 1695-1699
  • Łukasz Rochon, 1699-1718
  • Michał Mateusz Walther, 1718–1725
  • Jan Jakub Mroczek, 1726-1738
  • Kazimierz Franciszek Goraczyński, 1738–1755

Teacher

  • Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki , 1692–1694 poetics and rhetoric, came from the University of Cracow and later became a well-known composer
  • Johann Arbeiter (Jan Arbeiter), around 1780, friar, later superior
  • Franciszek Skrysowski, around 1785, friar, later superior
  • Szymon Franciszek Smulski, around 1795, friar, later superior
  • Franz Weinreich (Franciszek Weinreich), around 1800, friar, later superior

literature

  • Ulrich Müller: The city of Chełmno / Culm and the first partition of Poland. 2016. pp. 155–158 (= Diss. FU Berlin 2014, pp. 187–190 PDF )
  • Zenon Hubert Nowak: Dzieje tak zwanej Akademii Chełmińskiej. In: Marian Biskup (red) .: Dzieje Chełmna, zarys monograficzny . Toruń 1987. pp. 129-146.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wilhelm Heine: Academia Culmensis. An outline of the story . In: Journal of the West Prussian History Association . Vintage XLI (41). 1900. pp. 149–188, here pp. 166–168 PDF , with student directory
  2. ↑ Wilhelm Heine: Academia Culmensis. An outline of the story . In: Journal of the West Prussian History Association . Vintage XLI (41). 1900. pp. 149-188, here pp. 182-188. PDF , with a complete list of teachers 1692–1815


Coordinates: 53 ° 20 ′ 52.8 "  N , 18 ° 25 ′ 10.9"  E