David Ernst Oppenheim

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David Ernst Oppenheim

David Ernst Oppenheim (born April 20, 1881 in Brno , Moravia ; † February 18, 1943 in the Theresienstadt concentration camp ) was an Austrian educator , psychologist and representative of individual psychology .

Life

Oppenheim was born in Brno in 1881 as the son of the secretary of the Israelite religious community. His ancestors had been rabbis for generations . From 1899 to 1905 he studied philosophy, education and ancient history at the University of Vienna . In 1906 he attended a lecture by Sigmund Freud . In the same year he had married Amalie Pollak, the daughter of a rabbi who had studied mathematics and physics and was one of the first women to do a doctorate at the University of Vienna.

From 1909 until his release in May 1938 by the National Socialist rulers, he was a high school teacher at the Academic Gymnasium . In addition to his teaching activities, he conducted scientific studies in psychology in order to research the “secret of the human soul”. In January 1910 he became a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association (WPV) . When it came to the break with Freud, he left the WPV with Adler's supporters in October 1911 and became a founding member of the new depth psychology school of individual psychology .

During the First World War he fought - initially enthusiastically - on several fronts, was wounded and highly decorated. Later he developed more and more into a staunch pacifist , joined the SPÖ in 1918 and remained an active member until it was banned in 1934. In the 1920s he was active in the Association for Individual Psychology. His collaboration with Adler lasted until 1930.

While his two daughters were able to flee to Australia, he was deported together with his wife Amalie to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on October 21, 1942, despite his war awards from the First World War , where he died because he was deprived of essential insulin as a diabetic. His wife survived the concentration camp and emigrated to her daughters in Melbourne in 1946 .

plant

He participated in the scientific association life of the WPV and published under the pseudonym "unus multorum" the work The Suicide in Childhood . Together with Freud, he wrote the work Träume im Folklore in 1911 , which was only published in 1958.

In the 1920s he worked for the Vienna Association for Individual Psychology , presided over public scientific meetings and had lectures and essays published in the International Journal for Individual Psychology (IZIP).

Fonts

  • Neoptolemus and Pyrrhus. Dissertation. University of Vienna 1904.
  • Childhood suicide. Discussions of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association. Book 1: About suicide, especially school suicide. Wiesbaden. (Published under the pseudonym "unus multorum") 1910.
  • The man in Schönherr's "Weibsteufel". IZIP 2/1, pp. 26-31. 1923.
  • Shakespeare's knowledge of human nature. IZIP 2/2, s. 37-39. 1923.
  • Virgil's Dido. IZIP 3, pp. 79-91. 1925.
  • The struggle of women for their social position in the mirror of ancient literature. IZIP 3, pp. 287-290. 1925.
  • The woman in the Jewish religion. IZIP 3, pp. 335-337. 1925.
  • Poetry and knowledge of human nature: Psychological forays into old and new literature, Bergmann Verlag, Munich 1926.
  • On Schiller's novella: The criminal from lost honor. IZIP 6, pp. 358-362. 1928
  • Self-education and foreign education according to Seneca. IZIP 8, pp. 62-70. 1930.
  • Goal and path of human knowledge. IZIP 8, pp. 221-233 1930.
  • Sigmund Freud and David Ernst Oppenheim: Dreams in Folklore - Dreams in Folklore [1911]. International Universities Press, New York 1958.
  • "... from your faithful father David". David Ernst Oppenheim in his letters 1938–1942. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-205-98417-X

literature

  • Elke Mühlleitner: Biographical Lexicon of Psychoanalysis. The members of the Psychological Wednesday Society and the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association 1902–1938 . Tübingen 1992
  • Bernhard Handlbauer: The Adler-Freud Controversy . Psychosocial Publishing. Giessen 2002.
  • Clara Kenner: The torn sky . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-45320-9 .
  • Peter Singer : My grandfather. The tragedy of the Jews of Vienna . From the English Pushing Time Away by Wolfdietrich Müller. Europa Verlag, Hamburg – Leipzig – Vienna: 2005, ISBN 3-203-82012-9

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Oppenheim, David Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES unus multorum (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian pedagogue, psychologist and representative of individual psychology
DATE OF BIRTH April 20, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Brno , Moravia
DATE OF DEATH February 18, 1943
Place of death Theresienstadt concentration camp