David Nieto
David Nieto (* 1654 in Venice , † January 10, 1728 in London ) was a doctor, philosopher and from 1701 to 1728 rabbi (Chacham) of the Sephardic community in London.
Life
David Nieto was born in 1654 as the son of former Portuguese new Christians . After studying medicine in Padua , he first practiced as a doctor in Livorno , where he worked as a Jewish preacher. When he was appointed to the Chacham by the Sephardic community of London in 1701 to succeed Solomon Ayllon , he was already regarded as an eminent Jewish scholar who wrote in several languages (Hebrew, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and English) and in both religious and religious terms was well versed in secular territory.
In 1702 his book Paschologia was published , in which he described the differences in the calendar calculation of the Greeks, Romans and Jews. His calendar, created in 1717, served the London community as a holiday guide until the 19th century.
In 1704 he published his work De la Divina Providencia, ó sea Naturalezza Universal, ó Natura Naturante (London 1704), with which he expressed himself in the dispute of the Deists on the divinity of nature. Although he was very different from Spinoza , he was still suspected of being a supporter of Spinoza . His main work is the work Matteh Dan (1714), in which he defended rabbinic Judaism and the oral tradition of law against attacks from the Marran side. In 1715 he turned against the Sabbatian Nehemiah Hiyya with the writing Esh Dat .
Nieto was a polymath ; he was both a philosopher, doctor, poet, mathematician, astronomer and theologian. As a prolific writer, he had intense relationships with Christian scholars.
After his death, his son Isaac Nieto (1687–1773) took over the post of Chacham of the London community for a certain time (1732–1741).
Works
- Pascologia: overo Discoro della Pasca . Cologne 1702 digitized
- De La Divina Providencia O Sea Naturaleza Universal, O Natura Naturante Tratado Theologico . London 1504 digitized
- Matteh Dan Y Segunda parte del Cuzari . London 1714 digitized
- Esh Dat (Hebrew), London 1715
Literature (selection)
- Israel Solomons: David Nieto: Haham of the Spanish & Portuguese Jews' Congregation Kahal Kados Sahar Asamaim, London, 1701-1728 . Spottiswoode, Ballantyne, 1931
- Jakob J. Petuchowski: Nieto, David . In: Encyclopaedia Judaica . 2nd Edition. Volume 15, Detroit / New York a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-0-02-865943-5 , p. 261 (English).
- Jew. Lex. IV / I, Sp. 502
Web links
- Joseph Jacobs, Goodman Lipkind: Nieto, David. In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): Jewish Encyclopedia . Funk and Wagnalls, New York 1901-1906.
Individual evidence
- ↑ See David B. Ruderman: Jewish thought and scientific discovery in early modern Europe Detroit 2001 ISBN 0814329314 , p. 310ff.
- ↑ Petuchowsk: EJ2 , p. 261.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Nieto, David |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Jewish scholar |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1654 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Venice |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 10, 1728 |
| Place of death | London |