David Strathbogie (nobleman, † 1335)

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Memorial stone to the Battle of Cublean in which Strathbogie fell

David Strathbogie, Earl of Atholl , 2nd Baron Strabolgi (also David of Strathbogie or David (III) Strathbogie , born February 1, 1309 , † November 30, 1335 at Dinnet ) was an English - Scottish magnate .

Origin, inheritance and inheritance claims

David Strathbogie was the eldest son of David Strathbogie, 10th Earl of Atholl and his wife Joan Comyn . He was baptized in St Nicholas Church in Newcastle . In addition to owning estates in Norfolk , England, his father was also entitled to extensive estates in Scotland and to the title of Earl of Atholl . As a supporter of the English king in the war against Scotland , his title was forfeited since 1314. When his father died in 1326, Strathbogie inherited the title of Baron Strabolgi . Although he was officially a minor, King Edward III allowed . him in July 1327 to take up his considerable legacy in England and invited him for the first time in 1330 with Writ of Summons in the English Parliament . Through his mother he was entitled to half of the Scottish possessions of his grandfather John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch . However, since his Scottish inheritance had been confiscated by King Robert I , Strathbogie was counted among the so-called disinherited who had claims to lands in Scotland. In 1330 he received from the inheritance of his great-uncle Aymer de Valence Odogh Castle with the associated lands in Ireland .

Participation as disinherited in the invasion of Scotland by Edward Balliol

In 1327 Strathbogie took part in the Weardale Campaign , the unsuccessful English campaign against a Scottish army in northern England. At the end of 1328 he supported the unsuccessful revolt of Henry of Lancaster against the regime of Roger Mortimer, which is why his estates were confiscated on January 16, 1329. As a close friend of the young King Edward III. he played an important role in his coup d'état in October 1330, in which the previous ruler Roger Mortimer and Queen Isabelle , the king's mother, were overthrown. Strathbogie's Scottish claims were not officially supported by the English crown, but together with Henry de Beaumont and other disinherited, he supported Edward Balliol from 1331 , who had returned to England from exile and was now claiming the Scottish throne. Strathbogie pawned his property, and in the summer of 1332 he and his entourage belonged to the army with which Balliol landed in Scotland . In fact, Balliol was able to temporarily bring parts of Scotland under his control with the help of the disinherited, after which he was crowned King of Scotland in September 1332. In the summer of 1333 Strathbogie took part in the successful siege of Berwick , and a little later he was able to receive the delivery of Lochmaben Castle together with Edward Bohun . During this time Strathbogie and Beaumont served practically as representatives of the English king. They played an essential part in Balliol's plan, who in 1333 wanted to transfer large areas of southern Scotland to the English crown. Balliol rewarded Strathbogie's services by restoring him to the title of Earl of Atholl and giving him the possessions of Robert Stewart and his position as Steward of Scotland . Nevertheless, during this time there were disputes between Balliol and the leaders of the disinherited. During the Scottish Parliament in February 1334, Balliol, against the opposition of Strathbogie, Beaumont and Richard Talbot, gave Alexander Mowbray's claim to the inheritance of his brother Philip, although he had left three daughters.

Military during the Second Scottish War of Independence

Strathbogie could increasingly win the support of the previous vassals of Robert Stewart in western Scotland. After the dispute with Balliol over the Mowbray inheritance, he moved to northern Scotland to enforce his inheritance claims there. But then there was a widespread Scottish revolt against Balliol and English supremacy. Strathbogie was placed on September 27, 1334 in Lochaber by Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray , who forced him and his men to swear allegiance to the previous but minor King David II . Thereafter, Moray released Strathbogie, who now served as governor of David II in northern Scotland. The angry English king then had Strathbogie's goods in England and Ireland confiscated. In the Scottish camp there was a dispute over the Comyn family's possessions . Strathbogie was able to pull the younger Stewart to his side, which led to an argument between Stewart and Moray. This could not be settled even by a parliament in Dairsie in April 1335 . When an English army advanced as far as Perth in August 1335 , Strathbogie sent Alexander and Geoffrey Mowbray, Godfrey Ross, Eustace Lorraine and William Bullock as negotiators to Perth. They achieved that not only Strathbogie but also Stewart could switch sides without reprisals. Strathbogie remained governor of Northern Scotland, but this time on behalf of Edward Balliol. In October Balliol appointed him to the Guardian of Scotland north of the Forth . Strathbogie acted increasingly ruthless and seemed determined to break the resistance of the supporters of David II. When he besieged Kildrummy Castle in Mar , which was being defended by Christian Bruce , a sister of David II, Andrew Murray , the new Guardian of David II's supporters, raised a relief army. When Murray went north with this army, Strathbogie went to meet him in the forest of Culblean to face him for battle. He took up a defensive position north of the Dee, but his troops were defeated at the Battle of Culblean . Fighting to the end with a few faithful, Strathbogie fell in battle.

Marriage and offspring

Strathbogie had married Catherine de Beaumont († 1368), a daughter of Henry de Beaumont. With her he had a son:

Catherine was exposed to Scottish attacks after the defeat and death of her husband at Lochindorb Castle , which she was able to repel successfully. In 1336 Edward III. even an army to save her, with which she returned to England.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 66
  2. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 41
  3. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 62
  4. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 80
  5. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 147
  6. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 149
  7. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 148
  8. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 168
  9. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 172
  10. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 215
  11. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 232
  12. ^ Ranald Nicholson: Edward III and the Scots. The formative Years of a Military Career . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1965, p. 233
predecessor Office successor
Title restored
(until 1314: David Strathbogie ) 		Earl of Atholl
1332-1335 		Title forfeited
David Strathbogie Baron Strabolgi
1326-1335 		David Strathbogie
personal data
SURNAME Strathbogie, David
ALTERNATIVE NAMES David of Strathbogie; David III Strathbogie; Atholl, David Strathbogie; Earl of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English-Scottish magnate
DATE OF BIRTH February 1, 1309
DATE OF DEATH November 30, 1335
Place of death at Dinnet