David Strathbogie, 10th Earl of Atholl

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David Strathbogie, 10th Earl of Atholl († around December 28, 1326 ) was a Scottish magnate and military.

Origin and heritage

David Strathbogie was the eldest son and heir to John of Strathbogie, 9th Earl of Atholl, and his wife Marjory . This made him a nephew of Robert Bruce , whose first wife Isabel was a sister of Marjory. During the First Scottish War of Independence , his father was executed by the English in 1306 as a supporter of Robert Bruce. The English King Edward I initially awarded the title of Earl of Atholl to Ralph de Monthermer . In 1306 Bruce had murdered Strathbogie's father-in-law John Comyn of Badenoch , which is why the young Strathbogie was a bitter opponent of Bruce. Unlike his father, he submitted to the English king. For a handsome fee of 10,000  marks , Edward I gave him his inheritance in May 1307 and recognized him as Earl of Atholl.

Battle on the English side in the Scottish War of Independence

As a result, Atholl took part in the hunt from the English base of Ayr in the west of Scotland in the hunt for Bruce, who was allegedly hiding on the west coast of Scotland. The new English King Edward II also praised the good services of Atholl in 1308. Before Christmas 1307, Atholl had left Ayr to join the forces of the Earl of Buchan and Sir John Mowbray , two of his wife's relatives. They prepared for a confrontation with Bruce's forces in north-east Scotland, but this ended in the spring of 1308 when their troops were defeated at the Battle of Inverurie . As a result, the Comyns were effectively expelled from Scotland. Atholl continued to support the English, although Bruce increasingly pushed them back from Scotland. In 1311 he appalled the English garrison of Loch Doon Castle , which was besieged by Scottish troops. From there he moved on to Dundee .

Change to the Scottish side

On behalf of Edward II, Atholl was in Roxburgh in 1312 , but it is possible that by this time he was already in contact with Robert I, as Bruce was now called as the Scottish king. In August 1312 he still took part in an English parliament in London, but then he handed Dundee Castle over to the Scots and joined Robert I. Three months later, during a Scottish Parliament in Inverness , he testified to the alliance between Robert I and the King of Norway . Robert I trusted his nephew so much that he appointed him Constable of Scotland instead of Sir Gilbert Hay of Erroll , one of his most loyal supporters . Atholl initially justified this trust, because he played a decisive role in the conquest of Perth .

Another change of sides and flight to England

After the conquest of Perth, Atholl is said to have had a violent argument with Edward Bruce , the king's brother. Edward Bruce allegedly seduced Atholl's sister Isabel , but then refused to marry her. Atholl retaliated by attacking a Scottish storage facility at Cambuskenneth just before the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 and murdering the commander Sir William Airth . After the Scottish victory at Bannockburn, Robert I declared Atholl's title forfeited. This made him the first Scottish earl to have his title declared forfeited in the 12th century. The king gave his possessions and the title to Sir Neil Campbell , who had married his sister Mary Bruce . Even Malcolm, fifth Earl of Lennox and Sir Adam Gordon († 1328) were led by Atholls fall, just as Sir Gilbert Hay, who was appointed Constable again. Atholl fled to England, where Edward II gave him the three estates of Aylsham , Causton and Fakenham in Norfolk as a fief in compensation for his lost Scottish possessions in October 1314 .

Vassal of the Earl of Lancaster

In England, Atholl apparently entered the service of Thomas of Lancaster, 2nd Earl of Lancaster . The wealthy Earl Atholl probably gave other estates than fiefdoms, as he eventually owned seven estates in Kent , five in Norfolk, two in Suffolk , two in Northumberland, and other scattered estates in East Anglia , Lincolnshire and the southern Midlands . Lancaster, however, had become Edward II's fiercest domestic political opponent. Like other vassals of Lancaster, Atholl was pardoned by the king after the conclusion of the Treaty of Leake on October 22, 1318. He then took part in the Parliament of York . Although no writ of summons has been preserved for this , the House of Lords decided on May 7, 1914 that he was subsequently considered 1st Baron Strabolgi . Atholl was part of the Lancaster retinue at the unsuccessful siege of Berwick in 1319 with a contingent of two bannerets , four knights and 33 men-at-arms . After the siege was broken off, he and Henry de Beaumont , John de St John and other barons supported the king in the defense of northern England.

Change to the side of Eduard II.

When Lancaster rebelled against the king in 1321, Atholl switched sides and joined the king. This rewarded him on November 28, 1321 with the administration of Chilham Castle in Kent, which had been in the possession of his grandfather David of Strathbogie for several years . In March 1322 he is said to have been one of the seven judges who sentenced Lancaster to death for high treason. On behalf of the king he traveled in 1325 after the end of the war from Saint-Sardos to Gascogne, which belongs to England . He died on his return to England.

Marriage and offspring

Before 1306 Atholl had married Joan Comyn , daughter of John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch. In 1326 she received a share of the inheritance of her uncle Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, as a partial heir . Joan Comyn died before her husband before July 24, 1326. He had at least four children with her:

  • David Strathbogie († 1335)
  • Aymer Strathbogie
  • Isabella Strathbogie
  • Maria Strathbogie

His heir became his eldest son, David.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, p. 386.
  2. ↑ Fiona Watson: Strathbogie, John of, ninth earl of Atholl (c. 1260-1306). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of 2004
  3. ^ Geoffrey WS Barrow: Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland . Eyre & Spottiswoode, London 1965, p. 387.
  4. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 56.
  5. ↑ David of Strathbogie, 10th Earl of Atholl on thepeerage.com , accessed January 17, 2019.
  6. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 245.
  7. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 251.
  8. ↑ John Robert Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster, 1307-1322. A Study in the Reign of Edward II. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1970, p. 312.
predecessor Office successor
Ralph de Monthermer Earl of Atholl
1307-1314 		Title forfeited
New title created Baron Strabolgi
1318-1326 		David Strathbogie
personal data
SURNAME Strathbogie, David, 10th Earl of Atholl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES David of Strathbogie; David IV Strathbogie; Atholl, David Strathbogie; Earl of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English-Scottish magnate
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
DATE OF DEATH on December 28, 1326