Deribate

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Deribate , also Diribate or Diruwati , was a traditional empire of the Kemak on the island of Timor .

It was in the area of ​​today's administrative office Hatulia of the State of East Timor , which was the colony of Portuguese Timor until 1975 . From 1860 to Deribate was by the Portuguese of Militäkommendatur cailaco assumed. From 1883 it belonged to the 3º Comando militar de Maubara .

history

Deribate took part in the Cailaco rebellion against the Portuguese between 1719 and 1769, under the leadership of the Empire of Camenaça . But when Jacinto Correa , ruler of Wehale in the Treaty of Paravicini, also in the name of Deribate, concluded an alliance with the Dutch East India Company in 1756, Deribate refused to be a vassal of Wehales and therefore did not come to the Dutch part of the island.

Deribate also appears on the list of the Timorese empires of Afonso de Castro (Governor of Portuguese Timor 1859–1863) from 1868.

In the punitive action during the rebellion of 1894 Deribate participated with troops for the Portuguese until the Liurai of Deribate withdrew his troops after the bloody conquest of a village in Sanirin , in view of the hundreds of dead. Governor José Celestino da Silva therefore sent Lieutenant Francisco Duarte to Deribate in 1896 to punish it for its desertion. Resistance in the sacred forests of Talo was quickly put down. The Liurai, his warriors and the rest of the population holed up in Dede-Pum , a cave that was surrounded by a stone wall up to two meters thick. Instead of attacking them, Duarte surrounded the Tranqueira . As there was a lack of water in the fortifications, the besieged soon began to come out one by one at night to get water. Whoever stepped out of the Tranqueira was shot by the Portuguese. After eight days, the warriors asked Deribate to negotiate. 21 people, only two of them men, came out of the cave and went into captivity. The Liurai and the other besieged refused to surrender. When after twelve days there were no more noises from the cave, Duarte penetrated the Tranqueira. He found the bodies of over 400 men and women. But the liurai could not be found. He had apparently escaped the tragedy.

There are contradicting statements about the following story of Deribate. On the one hand, the Portuguese are said to have declared the Deribate empire dissolved in 1897. According to the same source, Kemak emigrated from Deribate in May 1912 to the Dutch West Timor , to Tenubot (Tenu Bot), near Atambua . A total of 9,000 Kemak from Deribate, Leimea and Atabae are said to have found a new home in Atambuas Desa Manumutin at the beginning of the 20th century.

Other sources report that Deribate was once again an ally of Portugal during the Manufahi rebellion (1911/1912) . Carlos Borromeu Duarte , son of Dom José, Liurai of Deribate, was rewarded for his loyalty to the colonial power of the new ruler of Alas , whose Liurai Dom Januário had perished in the fight against the Portuguese. He himself was murdered by the Japanese during the occupation of Timor. This dynasty still continues in Alas. In the eastern part of Deribate itself, according to further information, Dom Duarte da Silva, a nephew of Dom José, ruled until 1937. Then the Portuguese dissolved the empire. The Japanese invasion in 1942 used the ruling family to emigrate to Atambua , West Timor , where they became supporters of the Japanese. These promised a reinstallation of the Deribate Empire as a reward for the common struggle against the Australians . Nai-Buti , the heir to the throne, and 150 of his followers joined the Colunas Negras , the pro-Japanese Timorese militiamen. In fact, Nai-Buti's son Nai-Leto was used in West Timor by the Japanese as Raja of Biboki and Naitimu . The enthronement did not survive the occupation.

Ruler of Deribate

  • Dallu Dau (1760)
  • Cathedral Samuel (1761–1764)
  • Lamak Mauk (1765)
  • Dom Cristóvão Gracias (around 1769)
  • Seromally (1815)
  • Dom João Rodrigues Pinto (1854)
  • Dom José (? –1896)
  • Dom João (? –1896), brother of Dom José
  • Nai Bili (1896–1902), cousin of Dom João
  • Dom António (before 1912), cousin of Dom João
  • Dom Duarte da Silva (from eastern Deribate around 1912–1937), nephew of Dom José

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Andrey Damaledo: Divided Loyalties: Displacement, belonging and citizenship among East Timorese in West Timor , ANU press, 2018, limited preview in Google Book Search
  2. ↑ Monika Schlicher: Portugal in East Timor. A critical study of the Portuguese colonial history in East Timor from 1850 to 1912. pp. 134-136, Abera, Hamburg 1996, ISBN 3-931567-08-7 , (Abera Network Asia-Pacific 4), (also: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss ., 1994).
  3. ↑ 150 Anos da criação de distritos em Timor
  4. ↑ Geoffrey C. Gunn: History of Timor, p. 42 ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 805 kB). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pascal.iseg.utl.pt
  5. ↑ Hans Hägerdal: Servião and Belu: Colonial conceptions and the geographical partition of Timor ( Memento of the original from June 11, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 338 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.isp.msu.edu
  6. ↑ TIMOR LORO SAE, Um pouco de história ( Memento of the original dated November 13, 2001 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / oecussi.no.sapo.pt
  7. ^ Portuguese Dependency of East Timor ( Memento of February 21, 2004 in the Internet Archive ).
  8. ↑ História do Reino de Alas: Família Real do Reino de Alas , June 19, 2012 , accessed on December 21, 2018.
  9. ^ A b Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo : Os antigos reinos de Timor-Leste (Reys de Lorosay e Reys de Lorotoba, Coronéis e Datos) , pp. 128-131, Tipografia Diocesana Baucau 2011.
  10. ↑ Kisho Tsuchiya: Indigenization of the Pacific War in Timor Island: A Multi-language Study of its Contexts and Impact , pp. 10-11, Journal War & Society, Vol. 38, no. February 1, 2018.
  11. ^ Dijk, L. van (1925, 1934) "De zelfbesturende landschappen in de Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden", Indische Gids 47, 56.
  12. ↑ Taniputera, Ivan (2013) Kerajaan-kerajaan Nusantara pascakeruntuhan Majapahit . Jakarta: Gloria.