Hatulia

This article deals with the Hatulia Administrative Office. For the place and Suco see Hatolia Vila

Hatulia Administration Office
Administrative headquarters	Hatolia Vila
surface	275.11 km²
population	36,778 (2015)
Sucos	Population (2015)
Aculau	2,072
Ailelo	2,556
Coilate Letelo	3,938
Fatubessi	4,754
Fatubolo	4,735
Hatolia Vila	3,049
Leimea-Craic	1,286
Leimea-Sarinbalo	608
Lisapat	3,676
Manusae	4,524
Mau-Ubo	1,690
Samara	563
Urahou	3,327
Overview map

Hatulia ( Hatólia, Hatolia, Hatu Lia, Hatu-Lia ) is an East Timorese administrative office ( Portuguese Posto Administrativo ) in the municipality of Ermera . The seat of the administration is in Hatolia Vila .

geography

Until 2014, the administrative offices were still referred to as sub-districts . Before the 2015 regional reform, Hatulia had an area of ​​274.42 km². Now there are 275.11 km².

The Hatulia administrative office is located in the west of the municipality of Ermera. To the east is the Ermera administrative office , to the southeast the Letefoho administrative office and the Atsabe administrative office to the south . In the north Hatulia borders on the municipality of Liquiçá with its administrative offices Liquiçá and Maubara , in the west on the municipality of Bobonaro with its administrative offices Atabae and Cailaco . Hatulia divided into 13 Sucos : Ailelo, Aculau ( Asulau / Sare ) Fatubolo ( Fatubolu , Fatubalu ) Fatubessi ( Fatubesse ) Hatolia Vila , Coilate-Letelo ( Coilate-Leotelo , Kailete Leotela ) Leimea-Craic ( Laimeacraic , Leimea Kraik , "Unter-Leimea"), Leimea-Sarinbalo ( Leimea Sarinbala , Leimea Sorimbalu , Leimea Sorin Balu ), Lisapat ( Lissapat, Lisabat ), Manusae ( Manusea ), Mau-Ubo ( Mau-Ubu, Mauabu, Maubo ), Samara and Urahou ( Uruhau ).

• Climate data
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  Annual rainfall (2000)

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  Average annual temperature (2000)

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  Climate diagram of Hatolia Vila

Residents

A total of 36,778 people (2015) live in the administrative office, of which 18,602 are men and 18,176 women. The population density is 133.7 inhabitants / km². Several national languages are spoken in Hatulia. Tokodede in the north, Mambai in the center and Kemak in the south. The Mambai ethnic group is the largest language group . This is followed by the Kemak with 30%. The average age of the population is 16.5 years (2010, 2004: 15.4 years).

history

Map from 1908 on which Hatulia was subsequently drawn

See also : History of East Timor

In the spring of 1867, the Kemak from Lermean (today Suco Urahou) , who were under the sovereignty of Maubara , rose up against the Portuguese colonial rulers . Governor Francisco Teixeira da Silva put down the resistance in an unequal battle. In the decisive battle, which lasted 48 hours, the rebels had to defend themselves against a superior force that was superior to firepower. 15 villages were captured and burned down. The number of victims among the Timorese is not known, the Portuguese put two dead and eight wounded. The territory of Lermeans was divided among the neighboring kingdoms. In Hatulia the Liurai Nai Resi from Atsabe , who had also led a struggle for independence against the Portuguese, was captured and executed.

The Kemak empire of Deribate was also in Hatulia. In 1896 over 400 people died here as a result of a punitive action by the Portuguese. The following year the year was declared dissolved, but the list of Liurais of Deribate goes back to 1937.

In early 1942 the Sparrow Force, an allied guerrilla force fighting the Japanese , had withdrawn to Hatulia. Here the Australian consul David Ross met them, he brought the first call to surrender from the Japanese commander, which Colonel Spence of the Sparrow Force rejected. In July 1942 there was an uprising against the Portuguese in Hatulia, which is attributed to Japanese influence.

In 1975, after the civil war between UDT and FRETILIN, 120 people from Leimea-Sarinbalo fled to Haekesak in West Timor for one year .

The center of the FALINTIL Fronteira Norte resistance sector was located in Fatubessi (Hatulia)

In 1976 the Indonesian invaders also reached Hatulia. On April 24, the FALINTIL tried to defend Samara, but was defeated by the overwhelming Indonesian forces. 500 Samara civilians were interned in Ermera where they were starving. In May, Indonesian troops attacked Coilate-Letelo. 200 people were surrounded and could not escape. They were first imprisoned in the village and later brought to Letefoho. In Fatubessi there was a resistance base ( base de apoio ) against the Indonesians, which existed from 1976 to 1978. It was the headquarters for the Sector Fronteira Norte . When the attack on Fatubessi by the Indonesian Battalion 611 began, the population was to be evacuated in two directions. Once to the southwest to the Taroman mountain , the other to the southeast towards Beco and then on to the Ucecai mountain in the Suco of the same name ( Zumalai administrative office ). The first group was picked up by the Indonesian military in what was then the Ermera sub-district and interned in Fatubessi. The second group crossed the Loumea River near Beco and reached the lowlands in the south of Zumalai. But in January 1978 they came under fire from the Indonesians on the Mola River . Those captured in the resistance base were taken to a transit camp in Fatubessi, where there was an acute shortage of food. Starvation was commonplace. Further transit camps were located in the sub- district in Betupu (Suco Ailelo), Hatolia Vila, Poelete (Suco Aculau) and Urahou (Suco Urahou).

The Hatolia Vila transit camp was just outside in Modolaran . The internees only got some corn, salted fish and salt to eat. The fish caused diarrhea, which mainly killed children and the elderly. About 7,000 people lived in the camp, from which they were not allowed to move more than 100 meters away. There were eight military posts around the camp. Only occasionally were the internees, accompanied by the soldiers, allowed to go to Leimea-Craic or Samara to look for edible roots. There were many deaths, especially among inmates from other parts of East Timor, such as Zumalai . It wasn't until late 1979 that the International Red Cross brought food and medical supplies to the camp. In 1980 the internees were given more freedom. Then they were transferred to Leimea-Craic and finally allowed to return to their homeland.

During the riots of 1999 between January 27 and September in Hatulia and Ermera, the pro-Indonesian militias Darah Merah , Aitarak and Pancasila operated together with the Indonesian military against supporters of East Timor’s independence. Two Indonesian soldiers and two commanders from Darah Merah were convicted in 2004 of the murder of 14 people, torture and rape. In April 1999 the wave of violence began. That month, Darah Merah received modern firearms and two military vehicles from the District Command ( Kodim ) of the Indonesian Army. 200 Darah Merah militiamen then attacked CNRT members in Hatulia. A battle broke out in the course of which a militiaman and two CNRT members were killed. Between May 10 and 14, the Sucos Fatubolo, Lisapat, Mau-Ubo, Urahou and Fatubessi were attacked. Thousands of refugees from the Sucos Vatuboro , Guiço , Lissadila , Vatuvou , Maubaralissa , Vaviquinia and Gugleur (Maubara Administrative Office) gathered in Sare (Suco Aculau) from February onwards . An international aid delivery brought 25 tons of food to Sare at the beginning of July. At that time there were 3800 refugees there, 2250 from Guiço alone. In February / March there were still 5000, but some moved on to Atabae and Hatolia Vila. Between February and July alone, 23 women were raped by militiamen and five people were murdered by the pro-Indonesian militias Besi Merah Putih (BMP) and Halilintar , who were operating in the region. The victims were murdered while trying to get cassava roots from their home for their families. In February the refugees had received food from the population in Aculau, but in March the supplies were no longer sufficient, so the refugees had to look for food in the forests and tried to create their own gardens. The huts and gardens of the refugees were repeatedly burned down by the BMP, zinc roofs and livestock were stolen. The refugees did not return to their homeland until the international intervention force ( INTERFET ) arrived in September . According to the Aculau Chefe de Suco, three to four people died every day in the refugee camp. Malaria, respiratory diseases, diarrhea and dysentery were rampant among the refugees. Although there was a medical station in Suco, the only nurse had fled to Hatolia Vila in March 1998. For the independence referendum on August 30, 1999, a polling station was set up in Sare especially for the refugees because they did not dare to return home. Those who returned to their hometowns to vote left immediately after they cast their vote for fear of further violence.

In 2003, the Hatulia sub-district was the scene of raids and skirmishes in which the Colimau 2000 organization was involved. The centers were Samara and Leimea-Craic. The Colimau 2000 in Leimea-Craic has broad support from the population.

A forest fire on October 2 and 3, 2019 caused major damage to the administrative office.

politics

Administrator Custódio Martins (2013)

The administrator of the administrative office is appointed by the central government in Dili. In 2015 this was Custódio Martins . Jacob Fernandes was administrator of the Hatulia sub-district for ten years of the Indonesian occupation .

economy

Suspension bridge over the Garai between the Sucos Leimea-Craic and Coilate-Letelo

83% of the households in Hatulia grow cassava, 82% corn, 79% coffee, 69% vegetables, 50% coconuts and 16% rice. In addition, tomatoes, beans and peas have also been planted for several years. There are also plans to set up a fish farm.

There are hot springs in Fatubessi.

Web links

Commons : Hatulia  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Direcção-Geral de Estatística : Results of the 2015 census , accessed on November 23, 2016.
2. ↑ Jornal da República : Diploma Ministerial no 24/2014 de 24 de Julho - Orgânica dos Postos Administrativos ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
3. ↑ ^{a b} Direcção Nacional de Estatística: 2010 Census Wall Chart (English) ( Memento of the original from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.5 MB) 
4. ↑ Jornal da Républica with the Diploma Ministerial n ° 199/09 ( Memento of February 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (Portuguese; PDF file; 315 kB)
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Seeds of Life
6. ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Census of Population and Housing Atlas 2004 ( Memento of November 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 13.3 MB)
7. ↑ Geoffrey C. Gunn: History of Timor , p. 86 ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Lisbon Technical University (PDF file; 805 kB) 
8. ^ Andrea K. Molnar: Died in the service of Portugal : Legitimacy of authority and dynamics of group identity among the Atsabe Kemak in East Timor, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore. 2005.
9. ↑ Andrey Damaledo: Divided Loyalties: Displacement, belonging and citizenship among East Timorese in West Timor , ANU press, 2018, limited preview in Google Book Search
10. ↑ Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo : Os antigos reinos de Timor-Leste (Reys de Lorosay e Reys de Lorotoba, Coronéis e Datos) , pp. 128-131, Tipografia Diocesana Baucau 2011.
11. ^ Edward Wills: 75 YEARS ON - DAVID ROSS (1902–1984) - DIPLOMAT AND SPY , 2/2 Commando Association of Australia , accessed December 16, 2017.
12. ↑ Kisho Tsuchiya: Indigenization of the Pacific War in Timor Island: A Multi-language Study of its Contexts and Impact , p. 10, Journal War & Society, Vol. 38, No. February 1, 2018.
13. ↑ ^{a b c} CAVR Chega Files: Part 7.3: Forced Displacement and Famine ( Memento of the original from November 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 1.2 MB) 
14. ↑ ETAN, September 15, 2006, A Survey of Gangs and Youth Groups in Dili, Timor-Leste (PDF file; 2.9 MB)
15. ↑ ETAN, February 1, 2003
16. ↑ Ministério da Administração Estatal: Administração Municipal ( Memento of the original from June 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
17. ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Suco Report Volume 4 (English) ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 9.4 MB) 

Coordinates: 8 ° 49 ′  S , 125 ° 19 ′  E