Atsabe (administrative office)
| Atsabe administrative office | |||
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| Administrative headquarters | Atsabe | ||
| surface | 164.44 km² | ||
| population | 18,563 (2015) | ||
| Sucos | Population (2015) | ||
| Atara | 2,737 | ||
| Baboi Craic | 1.965 | ||
| Baboi Leten | 1.106 | ||
| Batu Mano | 1,034 | ||
| Lacao | 2,041 | ||
| Laclo | 1,624 | ||
| Laubono | 1,061 | ||
| Leimea Leten | 12,234 | ||
| Malabe | 1,566 | ||
| Obulo | 1,022 | ||
| Parami | 1,683 | ||
| Tiarlelo | 490 | ||
| Overview map | |||
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Atsabe ( in old sources: Artessabe , Atisasabo ) is an East Timorese administrative office ( Portuguese Posto Administrativo ) in the municipality of Ermera . The administrative seat is Atsabe .
geography
Until 2014, the administrative offices were still referred to as sub-districts . Before the 2015 regional reform, Atsabe had an area of 167.90 km². Now there are 164.44 km².
The administrative office of Atsabe forms the south of the municipality of Ermera. To the north are the administrative offices of Hatulia and Letefoho , which also belong to Ermera . In the west lies the administrative office of Cailaco , in the south Bobonaro (both municipality of Bobonaro ). To the east are the administrative offices of Ainaro and Hatu-Builico in the municipality of Ainaro .
In Baboi Leten, on the border with Hatu-Builico, is the summit of Tatamailaus ( 2963 m ), East Timor's highest mountain. The Marobo , one of the most important tributaries of the Lóis , has its source near Laubono . The other rivers of Atsabe are also part of its system. A small one of these rivers forms the most famous waterfall of East Timor, the Bandeira , on a steep slope .
Atsabe divided into twelve Sucos : Atara ( Atare ) Baboi Craic ( Baboe Kraik, Boboe Craic, Baboi Kraik ) Baboi Leten ( Baboe Leten, Boboe Leten ), Batu Mano ( Batu Manu , Batumanu ) laclo ( Laklo, Lado ) , Lacao ( Lasaun ), Laubono ( Laubonu, Laubanu, Laubunu, Lau Buno ), Leimea Leten ( Limie Leten, Lemian, Lemia ), Malabe (formerly Atadame, Atu Dame, Acu Dame ), Obulo (Obolu), Parami ( Paramin ) and Tiarlelo ( Tirlelo, Tiar Lelo, Ciar Lelo ).
- Climate data
Annual rainfall (2000)
Average annual temperature (2000)
Residents
A total of 18,563 people live in the Atsabe administrative office (2015), of which 9,223 are men and 9,340 women. The population density is 112.9 inhabitants / km². The largest language group is formed by the speakers of the national language Kemak . The population is Catholic throughout. The average age is 18.2 years (2010, 2004: 17.7 years).
Tiarlelo is the cultural center of Atsabe, as the coronel messenger of the region lived here. However, in some oral traditions the coronel messengers of this family are referred to as usurpers , who took over the rule of Laclo and Leimea. Oral traditions refer to Laclo and Leimea as the origin of the Kemak . Leimea is located on the Dar Lau mountain and is divided into three parts, of which only Leimea Leten ("Ober-Leten") is part of Atsabe. Leimea-Craic ("Unter-Leten") and Leimea-Sarinbalo are now in the Hatulia administrative office. Baboi Craic and Baboi Leten also originally formed a joint suco. In 2002 Malimea was separated from Atara as an independent Suco, but in 2003 Atara was again affiliated. In Obulo the Kemak mixed with neighboring Bunak .
history
Atsabe was one of the centers of Timor even before the colonial era . The ruler was the coronel messenger ( Tetum : Liurai ) of the Atsabe-Kemak . Atsabe used to dominate all of Kemak's inhabited areas in East Timor. In addition to the region of Atsabe, this affected areas in the north of today's Bobonaro municipality, in northern Ainaro and in the area of Suai . The Atsabe rulers had a reputation for being particularly inclined to rebel against the Portuguese and their presence. They repeatedly resisted the invaders. In the 18th century Atsabe took part in the Cailaco rebellion against the Portuguese.
In 1907, Nai-Cau was able to achieve Soros independence from the Atsabe Empire.
During the Japanese occupation of Timor (1942-1945), the Atsabe-Kemak offered passive resistance by refusing to do forced labor or deliver food to the Japanese . The occupiers therefore imprisoned the Koronel messenger Dom Siprianu and six of his relatives, who were inherited from him. One after the other were executed by the Japanese. Nevertheless, the residents of Atsabe continued to resist and, for example, also hid Australian soldiers who were waging a guerrilla war here.
The last coronel messenger of Atsabe and Dom Siprianu's son, Dom Guilherme Maria Gonçalves , was a strong supporter of APODETI in the 1970s. Between 1978 and 1982 he was Governor of Indonesia in Timor Timur .
On August 30, 1999, on the day of the independence referendum in East Timor , pro-Indonesian militias attacked a polling station in Baboi Leten with firearms and stones and killed two local UNAMET employees. A third escaped. The Indonesian soldiers present did not intervene to protect the polling station.
In early January 2003, Tiarlelo and Laubono were ambushed by up to 15 bandits masked with balaclavas with automatic weapons and old Indonesian uniforms, 25 km from the border with Indonesia. Three people were killed and five injured. The East Timorese Defense Forces then sent 180 soldiers to the region for police duties. Members of Colimau 2000 - an organization founded by former underground youth activists - were accused of involvement in the robberies, which resulted in the death of seven people. Mass arrests followed, but the courts released all suspects.
On August 23, 2009, the Sucos Lacao and Atara ended a decade-long hostility with an official peace ceremony.
politics
The administrator of the administrative office is appointed by the central government in Dili. In 2015 this was Graciano M. Hornai and in 2019 Juliâo de Deus .
economy
86% of households in Atsabe grow corn, 78% cassava, 67% coffee, 55% vegetables, 34% coconuts and 18% rice. Peas, cabbage and onions have also been planted for several years. Fish farming is also planned. Atsabe used to be known for the high quality of its tais , woven textiles that were also sold nationwide. At that time, trade was the most important source of income for the population in this administrative office, even before agriculture. Many of the traders fled to West Timor as a result of the 1999 riots. In 2001 it was still unclear whether they would return to Atsabe to resume business.
Personalities
- Lucas da Costa (1952–2019), politician and university director
literature
- Andrea K. Molnar: Died in the service of Portugal: Legitimacy of authority and dynamics of group identity among the Atsabe Kemak in East Timor , Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore 2005.
Web links
- Myths from Atsabe (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Direcção-Geral de Estatística : Results of the 2015 census , accessed on November 23, 2016.
- ↑ a b History of Timor - Technical University of Lisbon ( Memento of the original from March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 824 kB)
- ↑ 150 Anos da criação de distritos em Timor
- ↑ Jornal da República : Diploma Ministerial no 24/2014 de 24 de Julho - Orgânica dos Postos Administrativos ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Direcção Nacional de Estatística: 2010 Census Wall Chart (English) ( Memento of the original from August 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.5 MB)
- ↑ a b Timor-Leste GIS Portal ( Memento from June 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Jornal da Républica with the Diploma Ministerial n. 199/09 ( Memento of February 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (Portuguese; PDF; 323 kB)
- ↑ a b Seeds of Life
- ^ A b c d e Andrea K. Molnar: Died in the service of Portugal
- ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Census of Population and Housing Atlas 2004 ( Memento of November 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 14 MB)
- ↑ n. ° 6/2003 De 29 De Julho SOBRE A FIXAÇÃO DO NÚMERO DE SUCOS EM TERRITÓRIO NACIONAL ( Memento of September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ CAVR Chega Files: Part 7.3: Forced Displacement and Famine ( Memento of the original from November 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.3 MB)
- ↑ The Age, Report on the Jan. 2003 Atsabe Incident
- ^ The Australian: Four believed dead in more Timor violence, November 16, 2006 , accessed February 6, 2016.
- ↑ United Nations Development Program, September 4, 2009, Talking Peace in Timor-Leste ( Memento of September 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Ministério da Administração Estatal: Administração Municipal ( Memento from June 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ East Timor’s Ministry of Health : Atsabe, 9 Janeiro 2019: Vise Ministru Saúde ba Dezenvolvimentu Estratéjiku Saúde (VMSDES) Sr. Bonífacio Maucoli dos Reis, Lic. SP, ho ekipa husi Nasional hala'o Diagnostiko Situasionalu Ermera. , January 9, 2019 , accessed April 9, 2019.
- ↑ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Suco Report Volume 4 (English) ( Memento of the original from April 9, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 9.8 MB)
Coordinates: 8 ° 56 ' S , 125 ° 24' E
The administrative borders within East Timor changed in 2015. This article must therefore be checked and updated if necessary. See New Administrative Boundaries .