German colonization of America

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On this map of the German colonies, Little Venice is marked in yellow and the Prussian colonies are marked in red, some of which are in the Caribbean.

The German settlement of America consists of attempts to establish dependent colonies in Venezuela ( Little Venice ) and Tobago , as well as several attempts to establish closed German settlements there.

History of German settlements in individual states and regions of America

Germans immigrated to all of today's American states over centuries. In a number of cases there were organized attempts to found closed German settlements. Here are some examples.

The catfish colony in Venezuela

see main article Little Venice

In 1528, the Habsburg King Charles V pledged Venezuela to the Augsburg banking family of Anton and Bartholomäus Welser . These rights were negotiated by Heinrich Ehinger and Hieronymus Sailer , independent agents of the Welser. In 1531 the Welsers obtained the corresponding privilege. A colonization plan was drawn up and Ambrosius Ehinger was appointed governor.

He left Seville on October 7, 1528 with the Spaniard García de Lerma and 281 settlers. In Santo Domingo , the group left de Lerma with 50 companions for his mission in Santa Marta, where he was supposed to restore Spanish rule after the governor had been murdered there. Ehinger and the others moved on to the Venezuelan coast and landed in Santa Ana de Coro on February 24, 1529 . From there Ehinger explored the hinterland in search of the legendary golden city of Eldorado .

Other German governors followed: Nikolaus Federmann , Georg von Speyer and Philipp von Hutten , who, however, were primarily looking for gold. Federmann crossed the Andes to Santa Fe de Bogotá , where he and Sebastián de Belalcázar fought over the original claims of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada to this province. German miners were recruited. There were also around 4,000 African slaves who had to work on sugar cane plantations. However, in 1541 there was a dispute with Spain and in 1556 the bankers were deprived of control of the colony. Many of the German settlers died of tropical diseases or as a result of fighting against natives on frequent trips to the Indian area.

The Brandenburg colony of St. Thomas

The Brandenburg-African Company leased part of the Caribbean island of St. Thomas from Denmark from 1685 to 1693 .

Courland and Semigallia

see main article Courland colonial history

At the same time, the German-ruled Duchy of Courland and Semgallia made two attempts to found a colony on Tobago , both settlements only existed for a short time.

German settlement in southern Brazil. Important places are marked in red. The black dots mark cities with German churches.

Brazil

See main article German immigration in Brazil

About 10% of Brazilians have German ancestors, and a number of places in Brazil were founded as German settlers. Even today z. B. in southern Brazil Riograndenser Hunsrückisch a common minority language.

Guatemala

President Justo Rufino Barrios Auyón (1873-1885) promoted the settlement of German farmers and provided them with a number of privileges, including expropriations of local farmers who inevitably had to enter the service of their German masters. Until 1890, almost all coffee production in the area was in German hands.

Paraguay

The small town of Nueva Germania in Paraguay still bears witness to an attempt for racist reasons with a handful of German settlers at the end of the 19th century to build a kind of refuge for the “ Aryan race” in South America.

Chile

see main article German minority in Chile

Around 700,000 (4%), Chileans are of German descent, for around 150,000 to 200,000, German is still the mother tongue today. German settlements were established in the Zona Sur in southern Chile.

Nicaragua

Around 1850 German settlements were founded in Nicaragua.

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Venezuela

In 1843 358 citizens emigrated from the Kaiserstuhl area to Venezuela via Le Havre , mainly from Endingen am Kaiserstuhl, Forchheim (Kaiserstuhl) , Wyhl and Oberbergen . After some confusion, they were resettled in their current location. The farmers planted vegetables and fruits and also brewed Venezuela's first beer; they built their houses in a half-timbered style. The village community remained under its own laws until 1942 and gradually fell into oblivion.

See also

Remarks

  1. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica Cobán (Guatemala) Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  2. ↑ Revista D Germany en la Verapaz ( Memento of the original from October 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 12, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / servicios.prensalibre.com
  3. ^ Regina Wagner: Historia del café de Guatemala . Anacafe, Bogota, D, C, Colombia November 2001, ISBN 958-96982-8-X , pp. 203, 207 (accessed October 27, 2014).
  4. ↑ Oliver Zöllner: "Generating Samples of Diasporic Minority Populations: A Chilean Example." In: Targeting International Audiences: Current and Future Approaches to International Broadcasting Research (CIBAR Proceedings, Vol. 3) (English)
  5. ↑ Hablantes de alemán en Chile. (DOC file; 28 kB)
  6. ↑ Cf. Museum of Matagalpa and Los Alemanes in Nicaragua .

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