Dezső Nemes

Dezső Nemes (born September 6, 1908 in Lőcse , Zips county ; † March 30, 1985 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian journalist , political scientist , writer and politician of the Communist Party KMP (Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) , the party of the Hungarian working people MDP (Magyar Dolgozók Pártja) and finally the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party MSZMP (Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt) , who was editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper Népszabadság from 1957 to 1961 and then from 1961 to 1965 Central Committee secretary for foreign policy. At the VII. Party Congress on December 5, 1959 he was elected a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the MSZMP and belonged to this top management body of the Hungarian Socialist Workers Party until the XII. Party Congress on March 27, 1980.

Life

Vocational training, illegal party work and World War II

Nemes, the son of a customs official came in 1918 with his family to Budapest, and graduated from 1922 to 1926 a vocational training for upholsterers in the upholstery and interior design company Jenő Bakonyi . After completing his training, he worked in the Újpesti Téglagyárban brickworks in 1926 and joined the illegal Communist Party KMP (Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) in September 1926 at the age of 18 . In 1927 he was secretary of the Association of Communist Youth Workers KIMSZ (Kommunista Ifjúmunkások Magyarországi Szövetsége) and in August 1928 he was arrested for illegal communist activity and sentenced to three years' imprisonment.

After his release from prison, Nemes emigrated to the Soviet Union in 1933 , where he studied at the International Lenin School , the training center of the Communist International in Moscow, until 1933 . After his unauthorized return to Hungary in June 1933 he became secretary of the KMP city administration of Budapest and a member of the central committee . He also taught as a lecturer to young party cadres. In 1939 he returned to Moscow and worked there during the Second World War in an upholstered furniture factory. After graduating from high school, he began studying history at Lomonosov University . In 1941 he took up a job as an employee of the Comintern and between 1943 and 1945 worked as a political advisor to Hungarians in prisoner-of-war camps . As such he became editor of Igaz Szó , a newspaper for prisoners of war , in the spring of 1945 .

Editor-in-chief of Népszabadság , member of the Politburo and Secretary of the Central Committee

After returning to Hungary after the end of the war, Nemes was first secretary of the national council of the trade unions SZOT (Szakszervezetek Országos Tanácsa) from August 1945 to autumn 1948 , before he became editor of a communist theoretical magazine in 1949 . In February 1950 he became an employee of the Ministry of Popular Education, in 1953 director of the Szikra Könyvkiadó publishing house and served as director of the party college between September and October 1956 during the popular uprising .

After the popular uprising, he was among the supporters of by János Kádár founded Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party MSZMP (Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt) and was established in January 1957 as a successor to Sándor Haraszti editor of Népszabadság , the largest-circulation national daily newspaper in Hungary, and held this position until his replacement by Zoltán Komócsin in September 1961.

On June 29, 1957 he became a member of the Central Committee of the MSZMP and belonged to it until his death. In addition, he was also a candidate for the Politburo of the Central Committee, before he was elected at the VII. Party Congress on December 5, 1959 as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the MSZMP and this top management body of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party until the XII. Party Congress on March 27, 1980.

Nemes, who was awarded the Kossuth Prize in 1954 , was elected a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences MTA (Magyar Tudományos Akadémia) in 1958 .

After finishing his work as editor-in-chief of Népszabadság , he acted from September 1961 to June 1965 as the Central Committee Secretary for Foreign Policy. After a temporary position as director of the Institute for Party History of the MSZMP from 1965 to 1966, he became head of the party college of the MSZMP in 1967 and was its rector from 1975 to 1977. In 1975 he received the State Prize (A Magyar Népköztársaság Állami Díja) .

Subsequently, from 1977, as the successor of István Katona until his replacement by Péter Várkonyi in 1980, he was again editor-in-chief of Népszabadság and between 1980 and 1983 again director of the Institute for Party History of the MSZMP.

In 1982 he was accepted as a foreign member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR .

Publications

In his numerous publications, Nemes dealt with historical and political topics such as the General Workers' Union (Általános Munkásegylet) founded in 1868 , the foreign policy of the government of Prime Minister István Bethlen from 1927 to 1931, the Federal Hungarian Socialist Council Republic and its chairman Béla Kun . His publications include:

• Az Általános Munkásegylet története 1868–1873 (Budapest, 1952)
• Magyarország felszabadulása (Budapest, 1955)
• A népi Magyarország 15 éves fejlődése (Budapest, 1960, 1961)
• Az ellenforradalom története Magyarországon 1919–1921 (Budapest, 1962)
• A Bethlen-kormány külpolitikája 1927–1931-ben (Budapest, 1964)
• A lenini eszmék ereje (Budapest, 1970)
• A magyar munkásmozgalom történetéhez. Tények, viták, tanulságok (Budapest, 1974)
• Forradalmak és Tanácsköztársaság Magyarországon. 1918-1919 (Budapest, 1979)
• A biatorbágyi merénylet és ami mögötte van ... (Budapest, 1981)
• Kun Béla politikai életútjáról (Budapest, 1985)

Web links

• Entry in Történelmi Tár (Hungarian)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Dezső Nemes. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed October 9, 2015 (Russian).