The trout

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Die Forelle (op. 32 / D 550) is one of the most famous art songs by Franz Schubert . The text comes from Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart .

History

The song is available in five different versions. It was written between November 1816 and July 1817, which can be deduced from copies of the first composition version. The versions differ mainly in the different tempo indications:

  1. "Moderate"
  2. "Not too fast"
  3. “A little quick” - Schubert dedicated this copy to Anselm Hüttenbrenner . It is preserved in a photograph from 1870; the autograph is lost.
  4. “Somewhat lively” - This version forms the basis of the first print from 1820 in the Viennese magazine for art, literature, theater and fashion . It was later reprinted as op. 32 by A. Diabelli & Co. From the 1829 edition onwards, it appeared supplemented by an instrumental prelude, which was certainly added by the publisher, but is similar to the prelude of the 5th version.
  5. “Something speedy” - This version was first published in 1975 as part of the New Schubert Edition . It is the only one to contain a six-bar instrumental prelude.

Key and melody

In the original version, the song stands for a high voice in D flat major , the time signature is 2/4. The piano accompaniment is always characterized by sextoles , which reflect the impression of the happy, lively trout through the tempo indication “Something lively” . The melody of the singing voice is almost continuously cheerful, only three bars briefly convey the impression of sadness or pity on the part of the singer, with the melody leading back to major shortly afterwards.

Text basis

Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart wrote the underlying poem between 1777 and 1783 while he was imprisoned at Hohenasperg fortress until 1787 . In the fable of the trout, he symbolized his own fate. In order to hide the all too obvious parallels, a fourth stanza reinterprets the fable as a warning against seducers of young girls. The poem first appeared in print in 1783 in the Swabian Muses Almanac . The fate of Schubart served as a motif for various writers, including Friedrich Schiller for his drama The Robbers .

Content and structure

So Franz Schubert probably knew a generation later of the inherent meaning of the poem and composed the song in such a way that the fourth stanza was not set to music and, due to the composition , could no longer be added: The first two stanzas, in those of the observation of a trout in the clear brook and the vain waiting of the angler, consist of a recapitulation of the main motif, the third stanza is then divided into a dramatic part in which the brook is clouded and the trout is caught, and another recapitulation, which is the observation of this Contains acts and the observer's interpretation. Thus, the song forms a closed composition form A – B – A ′ , which prevents an extension of the existing fourth text stanza.

text

In a bright brook, The capricious trout shot past
in a happy hurry, like an arrow: I stood on the shore And watched in sweet peace The cheerful fish bath in the clear brook. A fisherman with a rod was standing on the bank, And saw with cold blood how the little fish was twisting. As long as the water is light, so I thought, not broken, so he does not catch the trout with his fishing rod. But finally the time was too long for the thief ; he makes the brook treacherously cloudy: And before I thought it, his rod twitched; The little fish wriggles by it; And I, with heavy blood, looked at the betrayed. not set to music by Schubert: You, who are still at the source of the secure youth, think of the trout; Do you see danger, so hurry! Mostly it is only lacking for want of prudence; Girls, look at seducers with the fishing rod - otherwise you'll bleed too late.


































Remarks

  1. ↑ at Schubart: "Fish"

Variations and arrangements

  • Franz Schubert also uses the theme of the song as the basis for the set of variations of his trout quintet named after the song . Schubert wrote this quintet for the music lover Sylvester Paumgartner, with whom he stayed for some time during his trip to Upper Austria in the summer of 1819.
  • After the song was sung by Anna Milder in Berlin in 1825, three Berlin publishers printed it at once, and a “trout waltz” was also offered there.
  • Franz Liszt transcribed the song for piano without vocals.
  • The Austrian Franz Schöggl composed ten humorous variations for choir on Schubert's song in the style of various composers under the title Die Launige Forelle : 1. Subject: Die Forelle by Franz Schubert; 2. Mozart: A small night trout; 3. Beethoven: In honor of the trout; 4. Weber: The free fish; 5. Wagner: fishing choir; 6. Mountain trout in the late evening; 7. Viennese style trout; 8. Forella Italiana; 9. Volga trout; 10. Fishing with Lis [z] t.
  • Benjamin Britten (1913–1976), together with his long-time partner Peter Pears (tenor), was considered an excellent interpreter of Schubert's works. In June 1942 he created an orchestral version : Die Forelle (The trout) - arrangement of Schubert's song, D 550, for voice and orchestra. Two recordings of this version are available: Neil Mackie (tenor) with the Scottish Chamber Orchestra under Steuart Bedford and Anne Sofie von Otter (mezzo-soprano) with the Chamber Orchestra of Europe under Claudio Abbado .
  • The title is part of the soundtrack to the film Sherlock Holmes: Game in the Shadows .
  • The melody is played as a jingle by Samsung washing machines at the end of the washing process .

literature

  • Werner Aderhold et al. (Ed.): Franz Schubert: Directory of his works in chronolog. Episode; [the little German] . Bärenreiter / Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag; Kassel; Basel; Vienna / Munich 1983, ISBN 3-423-03261-8 .
  • Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau : On the trail of the Schubert songs. Bärenreiter / Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag; Kassel; Basel; Vienna / Munich 1976, ISBN 3-423-01178-5 .
  • Hans-Wolf Jäger: About rods. Schubart's poem "The Trout". In: Karl Richter (ed.): Poems and interpretations. Volume 2: Enlightenment and Sturm und Drang. Reclam, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-15-007891-1 , pp. 372-385.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Music Beylage. In:  Viennese magazine for art, literature, theater and fashion , December 9, 1820, p. 9 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wzz
  2. ^ A b Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart: Poems from the dungeon . Orell, Gessner, Füssli and Comp., Zurich 1785, p. 208 f. ( Full text in Google Book Search).
  3. ↑ Ernst Hilmar, Margret Jestremski: Schubert Encyclopedia. Volume 1. Schneider, Tutzing 2004, p. 271