Dilek-Yarımadası-Büyük-Menderes-Deltası National Park
| Dilek Yarımadası-Büyük Menderes Deltası Millî Parkı | |||
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| Location: | Aydın , Turkey | ||
| Next city: | Kuşadası | ||
| Surface: | 27,598 ha | ||
| Founding: | May 19, 1966 | ||
| Visitors: | 700,000 | ||
| Address: | dilekyarimadasi.com | ||
Dilek-Yarımadası-Büyük-Menderes-Deltası National Park ( Turkish Dilek Yarımadası-Büyük Menderes Deltası Millî Parkı ) is a national park in western Turkey. The reserve is one of the national parks with the greatest biodiversity in the country. It is the habitat for hundreds of species of birds, mammals, plants and marine animals.
history
The mountainous peninsula of Dilek, which is difficult to access, and the delta of the Great Meander have always been hardly populated and therefore largely free of human influence. The ancient name of the mountain was Mykale . The western ancient settlements included Priene , Miletus, and the central sanctuary of the Ionian Confederation Panionion . On May 19, 1966, the Turkish Ministry of Forestry and Water Management declared the peninsula around the Dilek Dağları mountain range a national park. In 1994 the river delta of the Great Meander was protected and incorporated into the national park.
geography
The Dilek peninsula and the river delta of the Great Meander (in Turkish Büyük Menderes ) belong to the national park . The park is located in the district of Kuşadası in the province of Aydın on the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea . The coastal town of Güzelçamlı is located on the northern edge of the national park . Kusadası is 26 km north. On the peninsula lies the Dilek mountain range ( Turkish Dilek Dağları ) with elevations around 1200 meters. The highest mountain is Dilek Daği (in ancient times Mykale ) at 1237 meters . In the east, Söke and the Söke – Didim road border the national park.
The Dilek Dağlari mountain range on the peninsula is characterized by steep slopes and numerous caves, canyons and valleys. The coast is characterized by many small sandy bays. Only a few of the bays in the southwest of the peninsula can be visited from Doğanbey .
The protected area then stretches along the coast to the south to Didim , where it encompasses the delta of the Great Meander.
The river delta of the Great Meander covers an area of around 16,613 ha. The delta and its wetlands are characterized by a great diversity of species and are also protected by the Ramsar Convention . The reasons for this high biodiversity of fauna and flora are the fertile soils and the clear water, which also attract many migratory birds. The nearby mountain range of the peninsula leads to a marked temperature difference between the north and south of the national park, which favors this diversity. A hiking trail leads through the area, and there are also opportunities for canoeing and picnicking.
climate
The national park has a Mediterranean climate ( climate classification according to Köppen and Geiger Csa ). It is mild and dry all year round, with precipitation mostly falling in winter. The annual mean temperature is around 18 ° C. Temperatures range from 8 ° C in winter to 27 ° C in summer. It is significantly colder on the mountain tops. In some years temperatures of no longer 13 ° C are measured here. The amount of precipitation varies greatly depending on the region - depending on the altitude and the north or south slope. Precipitation amounts between 900 and 1500 mm per year are measured. The vegetation is also very different between the coastal region, the river delta and the heights in the mountains.
geology
The region of the peninsula is characterized by rocks such as mica schist of the Paleozoic Era , limestone of the Mesozoic Era , marble deposits and the deposits of clay and other sediments in the Neogene . The reason for the relief is the unstable plate tectonics of Turkey and the proximity of the plate boundary between the Anatolian and Aegean plates .
biology
804 species of plants and 256 species of birds were counted in the national park, as well as 28 species of mammals, 42 species of reptiles and 45 species of fish. The entire national park is subject to the strict guidelines of the Ramsar Convention , the Bern Convention , the Biodiversity Convention and the Barcelona Convention .
flora
Due to the large climatic and temperature differences, not only typical vegetation of the Aegean Sea thrives in the park, but also the flora of the Mediterranean , Marmara and Black Seas .
More than 804 plant species grow here, including six endemic species that only thrive here and 30 autochthonous species . Among the most important species in the national park include Macchien as Juniperus phoenicea , Pyrus elaeagrifolia , the Turkish pine ( Pinus brutia ) and the Gerber sumac ( Rhus coriaria ).
fauna
28 species of mammals, 42 species of reptiles and 45 species of fish live in the national park. Golden jackals ( Canis aureus ), Eurasian lynxes ( Lynx lynx ), striped hyenas ( Hyaena hyaena ) and caracals ( Caracal caracal ) live in the forests of the peninsula .
Many species of birds live on the south coast of the peninsula and in the river delta of the Great Meander, including some endangered ones. You can find dwarf shags ( Microcarbo pygmeus ), little egrets ( Egretta garzetta ), red hawks ( Falco naumanni ), Kentish plover ( Charadrius alexandrinus ), white-tailed eagles ( Haliaeetus albicilla ) and Dalmatian pelicans ( Pelecanus crispus ), for which the park is the main square.
The diversity of marine life is also high. Sea turtles and mammals such as monk seals , fin whales (only seen once and stranded five times), and dolphins have already been seen in the area of the national park.
tourism
The nature park is criss-crossed by a network of hiking trails. Swimming and fishing are only allowed to a very limited extent.
Most of the visitors come in spring and summer. During this time the national park is open from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. In autumn and winter the park closes at 5:00 p.m. Admission must be paid at the entrance. Camping, open fire and staying overnight are prohibited outside of the designated areas in the park. You can reach the park of Kusadasi with the Dolmuş and the ferry to Güzelçamlı. Every year around 700,000 guests from home and abroad visit the park.
Attractions
Zeus cave
The cave of Zeus ( Turkish Zeus Mağarası ) is located directly at the northern entrance to the national park near Güzelçamlı. The cave is accessible and the entrance is densely overgrown. It is filled with underground spring water.
Web links
- Website
- Milli Parklar , site of the Turkish National Parks
- TC Kuşadası Kaymakamlığı
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Millî Parkı , EKODOSD, accessed on April 8, 2018
- ↑ a b Dilek Yarımadası - Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü
- ↑ a b c d e Dilek Peninsula (Kusadasi) National Park , National Parks of Turkey, accessed April 9, 2018
- ↑ Kuşadası-Güzelçamlı arası feribot seferleri başladı , Radikal, June 3, 2015
- ↑ a b c Recep Efe: A Comparative Study on the Biogeography of Protected and Degraded Habitats in Dilek Peninsula - Turkey . In: Journal of Balkan Ecology , _Vol 15, No. 4, pp. 383–392 (PDF)
- ↑ Discover Dilek National Park ( memento of the original from January 10, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Didim Voices. April 18, 2015
- ↑ Dilek Peninsula - Delta of Great Menderes National Park , Go Turkey Tourism
- ↑ Turkey: exploring the ancient Meander river delta , The Guardian , March 22, 2013
- ^ Southeastern Europe: Along the coastline of Greece and Turkey, stretching into Macedonia , World Wildlife Fund, accessed April 9, 2018
- ↑ Dilek Yarımadası-Büyük Menderes Deltası Milli Parkı , Kuşadası Belediyesi
- ^ Turkey - Geology , US Library of Congress
- ↑ Douwe JJ van Hinsbergen: A key extensional metamorphic complex reviewed and restored: The Menderes Massif of western Turkey . Universiteit Utrecht, November 11, 2009 (PDF)
- ↑ Geology of the Menderes Massif and the Lycian Nappes South of Denizli, Western Taurides ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , MTA Genel Müdürlüğü
- ↑ a b Dilek Yarımadası Milli Parkı ( Memento of the original from July 10, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , TC Kuşadası Kaymakamlığı
- ↑ Fifth stranding record of the Fin Whale in Turkey ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ G. Notarbartolo-di-Sciara, M. Zanardelli, M. Jahoda M., S. Panigada, S. Airoldi: The fin whale Balaenoptera physalus (L. 1758) in the Mediterranean Sea . Vol. 33, No. 2, 2003, pp. 105-150
- ↑ Alakavuk E., Şengün B .: The Dilek Peninsula: Büyük Menderes Delta . In: N. Evelpidou, T. de Figueiredo, F. Mauro, V. Tecim, A. Vassilopoulos (eds.): Natural Heritage from East to West, Case studies from 6 EU countries . Springer 2010, pp. 315–319 (PDF)
- ^ Yunus , WWF Turkey
- ^ Directory of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Region . IUCN / UNEP Athens, MAP Technical Reports Series, Vol. 1, No. 26, pp. 155-158
