Dine (Arcadia)

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Contained karst spring , Pausanias' "Dine" / Miros Anavalos near Kiveri, Argolic Gulf with large irrigation pipeline
Smaller submarine spring "The Eye of Lileika", 8.1 km south of the contained spring "Dine / Mikros Anavalos"
Karst springs on the Argolic Gulf (all from Poljen of the Arcadia highlands )
Hydro Tectonic waterways Katavothren - karst springs

Dine ( ancient Greek Δίνη = vortex ) is the name of the important karst spring "Mikros Anavalos" on the Arcadian coast of the Peloponnese, as evidenced by Pausanias in the second century AD. The myths from the Hellenistic era, as well as the myths still cultivated by the Greeks today, know places of worship of the sea god Poseidon near the beginning and end of the underwater path "Earth Fissure" (Katavothra) and Dine (source) described by Pausanias and current publications on mythology and geology confirm his description precisely. The karst spring "The Eye of Lileika", which rises in seawater a few km further south, is spectacular - also geologically.

geography

The large karst spring "Dine" alias "Mikros Anavalos" alias "Agios Georgos" rises approx. 750 m south of a fertile alluvial cone with the village of Kiveri on the east coast of the Peloponnese . This largest karst spring on the Argolic Gulf arises as the northernmost submarine spring, approx. 6 m from the beachless, steep shore. The Dine's fresh water flows abundantly all year round. The large amount of water and the fact that a high proportion of the water was fresh water with low pollutant proportions at the spring openings as a result of the first analyzes made the potential for utilization obvious. The German engineer Wolfgang Ständer still needed a lot of effort and a lot of patience until he finally received the order from the authorities to build a semi-circular, flow-regulated wall that separates the freshwater from the seawater. In 1972 the construction and setting of the source were successfully completed.

The Poseidon cult site "Genethlion" (birthplace of Poseidon ) is right next to the spring . The name Dine and this place of worship already had meaning in Greek mythology at the time of the ancient Greek historian Pausanias and since then until today. Pausanias describes in his traditional book "Description of Greece", Book 8, Arcadia Dine and Genthlion. The source, now more commonly called "Mikros Anavalos", and the place of worship are still venerated today as the holy place "Agios Georgios".

8.1 km south of the Dine, another karst spring rises in the sea water. Today it is called "The Eye of Lileika" ( Greek Λιλέϊκο Μάτι ) or "Anavalos Xiropigadou" after the neighboring town of Lileika . This underwater spring is about 200 m from the coast and lies on the seabed at a depth of about 80 m. In spring, the spring produces up to 40 m³ of fresh water per second. During this time, the rising fresh water forms an "eye" about 20 m in diameter when the sea is calm. The rapid ascent and mixing with the salt water creates a vortex with a diameter of up to 70 m.

Geology and hydrogeology

The karst water of all springs in the Argolic Gulf comes from " Katavothrenen " (Greek "Ponore") from Poljen in the Arcadian highlands (large Tripoli basin, Argon Pedion ) and from Poljen in the highlands of Korinthia and Argolis ( Stymfalia , Alea / Skotini). The Greek geologist I. Mariolakos has shown in two publications from 2004 and 2010 (which contain a photo of the Dine) that Pausanias' description of the subterranean hydraulic connection of the "crevice in the lazy field" (Greek: Argon Pedion) with the Poseidon "Genthlion" is the birthplace of the Dine spring.

In a large scientific study, especially on the hydrogeological conditions and the closed basins in Arcadia, Corinthia and Argolis, it could be proven that the waterways lead to the east and southeast to the Argolic Gulf, as large fault structures are favorable for large hydrotectonic waterways. The distribution of the water, the length of time it remains underground until it escapes at the sources, has been quantified and documented by numerous chemical and physical coloring tests (tracing tests from 1983 and 1984).

This means that it can be taken for granted that Pausanias' “crevice” (Katavothra Nestani in the Argon Pedion karst basin) leads the water to the Dine spring near Kiveri. While the “Eye of Lileika” spring takes its own waterway from the southern Tripoli Basin (Lake Taka).

The fresh water of the underwater springs in the Argolic Gulf rises in the salt water. Accompanying and later analyzes of the Dine and other underwater sources of the Mediterranean showed that the pollutant content of the fresh water, consisting of chlorides and other components, is so sensationally low that the Dine water is well suited for irrigation. That is why an approx. 50 km long irrigation concrete channel was built from the Dine source to the Argos plain (city) .

literature

  • Klaus Tausend: Verkehrswege der Argolis , Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 9783515089432 , pp. 126–127
  • William Martin Leake : Travels in the Morea , Volume 2, London 1830, pp. 477-481
  • Pausanias, Description of Greece, Book 8 Arcadia, translated from the Greek by Dr. H. Reichardt, Stuttgart 1854. PDF available in Bavarian State Library (digital library, MDZ)
  • P. Fleury, M. Bakalowicz, G. de Marsily: Submarine springs and coastal karst aquifers: A review. In: Journal of Hydrology. Amsterdam 2007, p. 339. in English
  • Morfis, A. (Athens), Zojer, H. (Graz). Karst Hydrogeology of the Central and Eastern Peloponnesus (Greece). Styrian contributions to hydrogeology 37/38. 301 pages, Graz 1986. in English
  • Ilias Mariolakos: Geomythological Sites and Prehistoric geotechnical and hydraulic Works in Arkadia, 12th International Congress of the Geological Society of Greece, Field Trip Guide, Patras May 2010. in Greek
  • ID Mariolakos, D. I Mariolakos: The Argon Field in Arcadia, the Sinkhole of Nestani Village, God Poseidon and the submarine Dini springs in the Argolic Gulf (Peloponnisos, Greece). A geomythological approach of the Poseidon's birth. Geological Society of Greece, Proceedings of the 10th International Congress, Thessaloniki, April 2004. in English

Web links

Commons : The Eye of Lileika  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : karst springs in Greece  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Morfis et al., P. 204 (see literature) and argolis.de: "Anavalos" Kiveri… See web links
  2. ↑ For further analyzes and the uses of the water cf. the geology and hydrogeology section
  3. ↑ Pausanias, description of…, 8, 7, 2. See literature
  4. ↑ Photo from the Dine source with identification of the Poseidon cult site directly next to it in Mariolakos, The Argon Field in Arcadia ..., p. 4 (1149). See literature and web links
  5. ↑ Morfis et al., Pp. 24-33 and pp. 276ff. See literature
  6. ↑ See the graphic image
  7. ↑ See literature: Fleury Submarine springs ...
  8. ↑ See the explanations in the relevant section of the Wikipedia article Unterseeische Quelle

Coordinates: 37 ° 31 ′ 9 ″  N , 22 ° 44 ′ 1 ″  E