Dominican convent Pforzheim

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The former Dominican convent (N) on the cityscape of Merian, 1643

The Dominican convent Pforzheim was a women's convent in the new town of Pforzheim .

history

The women's monastery in Pforzheim was probably founded around 1250 as a penitentiary monastery, ie by former prostitutes. It was first mentioned in 1257 in a document from Margrave Rudolf I of Baden . It is the earliest attested monastery in Pforzheim and probably the oldest in the city. Further mentions are passed down in 1265 and 1277 when goods were acquired. This evidence shows that she belongs to the Order of the Sisters of St. Mary Magdalene for Penance . Between 1277 and 1287 the monastery was taken over by the Dominican nuns, who have been documented in Pforzheim since 1287. The monastery and the monastery church were initially dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene . After the Dominican women took over, theMother of God added as another patroness.

The monastery buildings were located outside the city wall in the suburb "between the waters" between Eichmühlgraben, Nonnenmühlgraben and Enz . There was access to the city through the women's gate. In 1408 or 1409 the monastery was destroyed by fire and then rebuilt. The Strasbourg cathedral builder Ulrich von Ensingen was probably on hand to advise on the reconstruction . In 1497 at the latest, it was incorporated into the expanded city wall with the monastery suburb.

The convention comprised between 20 and 50 women who were under the direction of a prioress . With the takeover by the Dominican Sisters, entry into the monastery also became interesting for members of higher social classes. In addition to members of the Pforzheim upper class and the local nobility, there are also representatives of the family of the Count Palatine of Tübingen and the margravial house of Baden , including Margarete, an illegitimate daughter of Margrave Bernhard (1431) and Brigida, his legitimate daughter. In the 14th century Luitgard von Tübingen, Countess of Asperg, was the prioress of the monastery.

In the 14th century the monastery came into large possession and became the most wealthy in Pforzheim. The foundation was laid by Hirsau Monastery , which transferred ownership and rights to the Pforzheim Monastery through donations and purchases. In Pforzheim itself, this included the parish right of the old town church and the Nikolauskapelle, the big tithe and fishing in the Enz.As early as 1265, shortly after the monastery was founded, Count Conrad von Vaihingen left his part of the Vaihingen church tenth to the monastery. In 1287 the nuns bought a farmstead in Vaihingen, in 1315 from Gotebold the Wise, citizen of Pforzheim, interest and rights to Ispringen, in 1344 from Margrave Hermann IX. the village of Ellmendingen , which had been pledged to them since 1313. From the Margraves Hermann IX., Friedrich III. and Rudolf V received the monastery in 1350 (March 8) the church set to Kleinglattbach. In return, the prioress Luckard and the convent a few days later (April 19, 1350) waived their claims to the mill at Pforzheim, including the grain money there and the tithe at Büchenbronn, in favor of the aforementioned margraves.

In 1347, Bishop Gerhard von Ehrenberg incorporated the Speyer Church in Ditzingen into the monastery . On November 18, 1370, Bishop Lambert von Speyer incorporated the church at Ispringen , a daughter church of the abandoned village of Neidlingen. In 1373 the convent bought half of the mill in Ellmendingen from Rudolf Bunninger, a farmhand in Ellmendingen. The Pforzheim Dominicans also had other possessions and rights in Bietigheim (a courtyard), Bauschlott , Horrheim , Eutingen (church law and patronage law, 1349), Neidlingen (courtyard of the Fronhof and the church law) and Nöttingen . In 1487 Margrave Christoph took the monastery and its monastery villages Brötzingen, Ispringen and Eutingen under his protection.

When monastery breeding ceased in the 15th century, Margrave Jakob I called ten sisters from the Katharinenkloster in Nuremberg to Pforzheim in 1442 to reform the monastery. After a successful implementation, eight Pforzheim nuns were sent to the Bavarian monastery of Maria Medingen in 1467 to initiate a renewal there as well.

Charles II of Baden-Durlach introduced the Reformation in his country with the enactment of a new church order on June 1, 1556 . While the two male monasteries in Pforzheim (barefoot and Dominican monasteries) apparently did not oppose the new doctrine, the Dominican women persisted in their old faith and opposed the abolition of their monastery until 1564. After an intervention with Emperor Ferdinand I , they were able to move to the Kirchberg monastery near Sulz am Neckar , which was under the rule of the Catholic Habsburgs. In 1565 they received from Margrave Karl II a settlement of 11,000 guilders for the previous monastery property.

Reuse

Charles II transferred the monastery building to the Heilig-Geist-Spital in 1565. They were destroyed in the Palatine War of Succession during the pillage of Pforzheim by the French military leader Ezéchiel de Mélac in 1689, but rebuilt as an orphanage in 1714/18, largely taking into account the original buildings. The orphanage was closed in 1773/74. The buildings served as a penitentiary until 1804 and as a madhouse until 1842. A healing and nursing home was housed there from 1842 to 1921. After they were transferred to municipal hands, they were converted into social housing. On February 23, 1945, they were completely destroyed in a British bombing raid. In its place is now the Pforzheim City Theater or (in the area of ​​the monastery church) the CongressCentrum.

Euphemia worship

In 1367 the lay sister Euphemia died in the monastery. According to legend, she was an English king's daughter; however, this thesis is considered refuted. Euphemia gained local veneration. Her head reliquary was transferred to Kirchberg when the monastery was closed.

swell

  • Gottfried Carl: Regesta on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Edited and supplemented by Hans-Peter Becht (= materials on city history 12). Pforzheim 1998

literature

  • Reinhard Mürle: Euphemia. The English king's daughter in the women's monastery in Pforzheim. Legend and reality. A contribution to the history of the monastery in Pforzheim in the Middle Ages . Constance 1993 ( review ).
  • Erwin Ohnemus: possessions and rights of monasteries on the Pforzheimer district . In: Pforzheimer Geschichtsblätter 1 (1961), pp. 159-185
  • Irene Schneid-Horn: About life in the monastery and hospital on Waisenhausplatz in Pforzheim (= archaeological information from Baden-Württemberg 16). Stuttgart 1991

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reinhard Mürle: Euphemia. The English king's daughter in the women's monastery in Pforzheim . Konstanz 1993, p. 17.
  2. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 24 (No. 11).
  3. ↑ Reinhard Mürle: Euphemia. The English king's daughter in the women's monastery in Pforzheim . Konstanz 1993, p. 18.
  4. ↑ Reinhard Mürle: Euphemia. The English king's daughter in the women's monastery in Pforzheim . Konstanz 1993, p. 24.
  5. ^ Hans Georg Zier: History of the City of Pforzheim. From the beginning until 1945 . Stuttgart 1982, p. 35.
  6. ^ Hans Georg Zier: History of the City of Pforzheim. From the beginning until 1945 . Stuttgart 1982, p. 86.
  7. ↑ Reinhard Mürle: Euphemia. The English king's daughter in the women's monastery in Pforzheim . Konstanz 1993, p. 24.
  8. ↑ Erwin Ohnemus: possessions and rights of monasteries on Pforzheimer district . In: Pforzheimer Geschichtsblätter 1 (1961), p. 167.
  9. ^ Hans Georg Zier: History of the City of Pforzheim. From the beginning until 1945 . Stuttgart 1982, p. 29.
  10. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 34 (No. 38).
  11. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 28 (No. 20).
  12. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 45 (No. 66).
  13. ↑ Erwin Ohnemus: possessions and rights of monasteries on Pforzheimer district . In: Pforzheimer Geschichtsblätter 1 (1961), p. 168.
  14. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 68 (No. 121).
  15. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 68 (No. 122).
  16. ^ Document printed by: Wolfgang Irtenkauf: The problem of two diocesan borders: Speyrer Kirche Ditzingen . In: Blätter für Württembergische Kirchengeschichte 63 (1963), p. 145.
  17. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 85 (No. 164).
  18. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, pp. 87f. (No. 171).
  19. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 35 (No. 39).
  20. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 66f. (No. 117 and 118).
  21. ^ Gottfried Carl: Regesten on the history of the city of Pforzheim 1195-1431 . Pforzheim 1998, p. 83 (No. 159).
  22. ↑ Erwin Ohnemus: possessions and rights of monasteries on Pforzheimer district . In: Pforzheimer Geschichtsblätter 1 (1961), p. 168.
  23. ↑ Udo Wennemuth: The Reformation in Baden , leo-bw.de (accessed on September 14, 2018).
  24. ^ Hans Georg Zier: History of the City of Pforzheim. From the beginning until 1945 . Stuttgart 1982, p. 81f.
  25. ↑ Sven Rabeler: "Named, given and made a hospital for poor and miserable sick people". On the social and economic history of the Pforzheim Heilig-Geist-Spital (14th to 16th centuries) . In: Stefan Pätzold (ed.): News from Pforzheim's Middle Ages (= materials on city history 19). Heidelberg, Umstadt-Weiher, Basel 2004, p. 88.
  26. ↑ See the map in: Christoph Timm: "Experimentierfeld Moderne". To redesign the city and town hall . In: Chris Gerbing, Isabel Greschat, Christoph Timm (eds.): They built a new city. The rebuilding of Pforzheim after 1945 . Regensburg 2015, p. 119.
  27. ↑ Reinhard Mürle: Euphemia. The English king's daughter in the women's monastery in Pforzheim. Legend and reality. A contribution to the history of the monastery in Pforzheim in the Middle Ages . Constance 1993.

Web links

Coordinates: 48 ° 53 '22.4 "  N , 8 ° 42' 5.7"  E