Speyr Church (Ditzingen)

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Speyr Church
The church from the south

The Speyrer Church is a former parish church in Ditzingen . It is located in the Ditzinger Friedhof and is used today as a funeral church and for church music events. The building is a cultural monument according to § 28 DSchG BW .

history

Until the Reformation

The community of Ditzingen is divided into two halves by the Glems , the western half of which belonged to the Grüningen district of the Diocese of Speyer in the pre-Reformation period , while the eastern half was subordinate to the Cannstatt district of the Diocese of Constance (see Konstanz Church ). The Speyer Church was built at the end of the 8th century as a private church of a Franconian landlord. According to research by Wolfgang Irtenkauf , the Speyr church was the older of the two. Since the Glems originally took its course further south along what is now Marktstrasse, its parish also included the Herrenhof and thus the core of the Ditzinger housing estate in the area of ​​today's Hirsauer Pflegehof . In 1347 the church was incorporated into the Dominican convent Pforzheim by the Speyer bishop Gerhard von Ehrenberg , which still had the right to appoint a parish in 1524/29. Among the benefices of the monastery, Ditzingen was the most distant. It is possible that the Dominican Sisters took over the older rights of the Hirsau Monastery here , which - partly through purchase, partly through donation - provided the economic basis for the Pforzheim monastery. The earliest evidence of the existence of the Constanzer and Spirer bistums churches is available in a Hirsau deed from 1375 .

The church building was redesigned in Gothic forms at the end of the 15th century. The exact construction time and the consecration date are unknown. The earlier mentioned year 1477 is not documented. The initiator of the new building is perhaps Friedrich von Nippenburg, who came from an aristocratic family who were wealthy in the region and who acted as provost of the Speyer Holy Trinity Church and thus archdeacon for the rural chapter of Grüningen.

Hieronymus Mager from Schwäbisch Gmünd was previously named as a possible builder for today's late Gothic church building. The Oberamtsbeschreibung for the Oberamt Leonberg from 1930 counts the builders in the circle of Albrecht Georg and Peter von Koblenz . More recent studies attribute the building of the church to the master of Schwieberdingen , probably a relative of the Heidelberg court architect Caspar Lechler, based on the master shields attached to the vaulted consoles in the choir . He can be found with his master's mark for the first time after 1463 on the central nave pillars of the Alexander Church in Marbach am Neckar , where he was apparently still working in association with other master builders. Under the direction of the Stuttgart master Aberlin Jörg , he was employed around and after 1470 in the construction of the Cannstatter Stadtkirche and the Hospital Church in Stuttgart, then in the construction of the Speyer Church and later on the church in Schwieberdingen , the Peterskirche in Weilheim an der Teck and finally on the tower and tower extension of the Markgröningen Hospital Church . The second master builder was Hans von Urach, who previously - also as an employee of Aberlin Jörg - was involved in the vaulting of the Holy Cross Minster in Schwäbisch Gmünd and in the construction of the nave of the Öhringen collegiate church by Bernhard Sporer (both around 1491).

Dissolution as a parish church and subsequent use

Ditzingen 1682 in Andreas Kieser's forest inventory book : on the left the Konstanzer church, on the right the Speyrer church

Just a few years after the completion of the church, the Speyr church was abolished as an independent parish church. With the introduction of the Reformation in Württemberg and the elimination of the diocesan border, the second parish in Ditzingen was superfluous. Peter Knöpfler, who was involved in a murder trial at the time, is known as one of the last pastors. After his departure, the church in Speyer was provided by the pastor of the church in Konstanz, the Hirsauer Konventual Rudolf Heim. It is attested in Ditzingen in 1537. In 1540 the parsonage of the Speyr church was sold and the proceeds were divided between the rulers in Pforzheim and the pastor. In 1551, the acting interim priest in Hirschlanden, Johann Stöffler from Blaubeuren, oversaw the parish. An agreement between Duke Christoph von Württemberg and the Pforzheim Dominican Sisters from 1552 sealed their final task. The church was profaned and probably served the Ditzinger farmers temporarily as a barn, storage room and laundry drying area.

In 1656 the Württemberg state acquired the church. It was transferred to the Ditzingen Foundation Administration and, when the church foundation assets were separated at the end of the 19th century, to the civil parish of Ditzingen. It was used primarily as a funeral church. In 1924 it was placed under monument protection.

Catholic Church and Memorial

With the growing proportion of Catholic residents - the Oberamtsbeschreibung from 1930 names 2259 Protestant, 59 Catholic residents and 17 “of other denominations” - the Church of Speyer moved into the focus of the Catholic parish of St. Antonius in Zuffenhausen , which until 1963 also included the Ditzinger Catholics were parish. In 1932 it was contractually granted use. On the Rosary Festival in 1933, a Holy Mass was celebrated in the Speyer Church for the first time since the Reformation. Since then, an auxiliary chaplain has celebrated mass regularly, initially monthly, then twice a month, before the political community under the National Socialist Mayor Gottlob Diez terminated the contract with the Catholics in February 1939.

In 1937–1939 the church was redesigned by the sculptor Fritz von Graevenitz into a memorial for those who fell in the First World War . The memorial he created (so-called sarcophagus) was sold back to the artist in 1945 and is now in the Solitude cemetery in Stuttgart.

Since the number of Catholic residents of Ditzingen rose sharply after the Second World War with the influx of refugees from the east and those who were expelled from their homeland, the Speyr church was initially left to the Roman Catholic community again, who held masses there until the church of St. Mary Queen of the Holy Rosary was built celebrated.

Patronage

The church was originally dedicated to St. Lambert of Maastricht . The veneration of the saint was presumably mediated by the Lorsch monastery , which had extensive possessions in Ditzingen and was a center of the Lambertus cult east of the Rhine. During the time the church was being rebuilt, Lambert was replaced by St. Margaretha . In 1424, Sant Lamprecht's churches still appear as a location name in the Leonberg official register. In 1427 the Reichenbach priory received annual interest on goods belonging to the hayligen nurses at sanct Lambrecht . 1514 the double patronage of Sant Lampertus and Sant Margarethen is proven. Lambert was soon ousted as the patron saint. In 1551 only the St. Margarethen parish is mentioned . With the introduction of the Reformation, the veneration of saints was already obsolete.

Building description

Rose window above the west portal
Detail on the pulpit (angel's head)

The rectangular nave (lay house), which is essentially late Gothic, measures 14.75 × 8.4 meters and is closed at the top by a beamed ceiling, which was probably previously covered with a panel ceiling. The masonry consists of red and red sandstone from quarries in the region. The outside corners were accentuated with hewn stones, the rest of the building consists of ordinary quarry stone masonry with black lime plastering. The main entrance is on the west side, a second entrance is on the south side, facing the originally inhabited settlement. A five-sided narrow oriel pulpit protrudes from the north wall opposite the south portal, the entrance to which has not been preserved. The interior is essentially illuminated by two three-axis pointed arch tracery windows. A round window with tracery is located above the west portal. The beam construction of the west gallery dates from the construction time around 1490. Only the wooden floor and staircase were renewed around 1950.

In the north-eastern corner of the nave next to the choir arch, a star rib vaulted altar ciborium has been preserved, the keystone of which is decorated with a depiction of a bishop. A counterpart to this was originally also on the south side. The vaults are still recognizable on the wall or have been made visible again. Assumptions that medieval frescoes are hidden under the wall paint have not been confirmed. During the interior renovation in 1971, all limestone layers were removed from the nave and choir. Only the remains of three consecration crosses were found , the two of which on the side of the south entrance were restored. The third is covered by the stair string of the gallery entrance.

Choir room and tower

A four-storey, transverse rectangular choir tower adjoins the nave to the east . The east choir, which is slightly higher than the nave, closes with a three-sided choir closure and is spanned by a ribbed vault. The consoles on which the ribs sit on the long sides are worked out as grimaces.

A three-axis pointed arch tracery window in the south wall of the choir served to illuminate the earlier winged altar. In addition, the choir is lit by two-lane windows in the choir end.

The three lower tower floors consist of plastered quarry stone with corner blocks, the attached bell floor is made of half-timbered houses. In the western part of the choir the masonry was reinforced to 1.10 meters. Since the Gothic choir arch on the west side can only be loaded to a limited extent and the vault has no load-bearing function, the total weight of the tower rests on the north and south walls. At the top, a slate pointed helmet converted into an octagon completes the building. Ball, cross and cock form the crowning of the tower. The upper floor of the tower dates from the 17th century. In the east of the tower, a polygonal Gothic choir with a net vault is built, which is assigned to the Stuttgart building school. The vault keystones are decorated with colored depictions of the Mother of God with the Child Jesus and Christ as the Man of Sorrows , showing the stigmata.

The original sacristy on the south side of the choir was demolished after 1831. The current sacristy was rebuilt in 1950 for the Catholic parish.

Furnishing

Leg miracle of Saints Cosmas and Damian from Ditzingen, Württembergisches Landesmuseum, WLM 989

The late Gothic interior decoration was removed after the Reformation or left to decay. The church had a winged altar in the choir and at least two side altars, the patron saints of which have not survived. Her whereabouts are unknown. Remains of the Gothic altars are said to have been on the floor of the church in the 19th century.

In the holdings of the Stuttgart State Museum there is an altar wing (Inv.-No. 989) from the beginning of the 16th century, acquired in 1868 and attributed to the Schnait master , which the Ditzingen local historian Otto Schubert suspects to be the Speyr church. Other researchers bring him in connection with the Konstanz church. Wolfgang Irtenkauf leaves the origin open. A reliable attribution is not yet possible. The panel painting shows on the front the leg miracle of Saints Cosmas and Damian , on the reverse the torture of Heligen Ursula of Cologne .

According to old descriptions, there were twelve life-size carved apostle figures in the church , which were badly damaged in the Thirty Years' War , but were still there at the time (over 100 years after it was given up as a parish church). The historical stalls have not been preserved. Today's pews date from the time it was used by the Catholic parish.

Epitaph of Katharina Barbara von Anweil

The epitaph of Katharina Barbara von Anweil, born on the west wall, is under the gallery on the side of the portal . Kechler von Schwandorf attached. It was originally located outside on the south side of the church. At the suggestion of the local branch of the Swabian Alb Association in Ditzingen , it was restored in 2004 and relocated inside for conservation reasons.

Katharina Barbara von Anweil came from the from the late 13th century with the nickname Kechler occupied Schwandorfer local nobility, an initially well tübingischen and high bergischen ministerial family, their possessions west of Nagold had. Schwandorf had been a fiefdom of Württemberg since the 16th century. In 1673 she married the chamberlain Hans Wolff von Anweil. Their relationships according to Ditzingen have not yet been adequately researched. In 1685 Hans Wolff von Anweil ​​and Katharina Barbara, b. Kechler, as godfather of the daughter of a non-commissioned officer in the Ditzingen baptismal register. The latter died in Stuttgart on April 30, 1719. Why she found her final resting place in the cemetery in Ditzingen is unknown. Her husband, who died in 1700, was buried in Zaberfeld .

Organ and bells

In historical times the church did not have an organ. In 1973 an electronic instrument was procured to accompany the funeral services. In 2005 the city of Ditzingen acquired a small organ with four sounding voices from the estate of the Marbach organ builder Peter Plum, which was inaugurated in October 2005 as part of the “Ditzinger Organ Autumn”.

The unsigned bell in the tower dates from the 15th century and is attributed to the Reutlingen bell founder Hans Eger . As a shoulder inscription, it bears the names of the four evangelists, separated by paw crosses . The bell has a diameter of 62 cm and a height of 49 cm.

graveyard

Memorial for the fallen of the two world wars

The Speyr church is surrounded by the cemetery of the core town of Ditzingen. The burial site originally belonging to the parish of the Speyer Church has been used for both Ditzingen parishes since 1495 and is now owned by the city of Ditzingen. In 1775 the cemetery was fenced in again. It was expanded several times during the 20th century (including 1923 and 1954). Until the middle of the 20th century it was customary to take the dead from the village via the so-called "Totensteg" over the Glems and the Staffel of Glemsstraße up to the cemetery. Only in the course of the extension in 1954 was another entrance created from Bauernstrasse, which made it possible to drive the hearse directly to the cemetery.

Several public figures found their final resting place in the Ditzinger Friedhof, including the factory owner Johannes Fuchs , the pomologist Julius Brecht, the religious scholar Jakob Wilhelm Hauer , the painter Heinrich Eberhardt and the local historian Rudolf Hruschka . Only a few historical grave monuments have survived, for example the gravestone of the brewer and swan host Karl Stähle (1851–1906) in the old part of the cemetery, as an example of the design of the grave monuments from the early 20th century.

Monuments

In 1950, the Ditzingen local community of the Association of Expellees erected the Ostlandkreuz at the western entrance to the cemetery to commemorate the escape and expulsion from the former eastern German territories. A memorial for the dead of the two world wars was not erected until 1960. The monument by Ludwigsburg sculptor Erwin Dauner consists of a simple, cross-shaped shell limestone block with the inscriptions “We warn and call the world” and “Your sacrifice serve peace” with two doves of peace . On the other two sides are the dates of the two world wars, surrounded by a wreath of crosses. The inauguration took place on the occasion of the national memorial day on November 13, 1960.

Modelling

The Kibri company offers a model kit of the Speyer Church in size HO (1:87) under No. 39772.

literature

  • Ditzingen's churches . Published for the 500th anniversary of the Ditzingen churches in May 1980 by the Evangelical and Catholic parish offices and the Ditzingen city administration. [Ditzingen 1980]
  • Anton Gast: Historic churches in Ditzingen. A guide through the Konstanz and Speyr churches. Ditzingen 1985
  • Wolfgang Irtenkauf: The problem of two diocesan borders: Speyrer Kirche Ditzingen. In: Blätter für Württembergische Kirchengeschichte 63 (1963), pp. 138–151
  • Wolfgang Irtenkauf: Walks into the past (17). Speyrer Church Ditzingen . In: Schwäbische Heimat 3/1984, pp. 240–242
  • Adolf Schahl: Ditzingen in art history . In: Heimatbuch Ditzingen . Published by the municipality of Ditzingen for the urban survey in 1966. Ditzingen 1966, pp. 122–144, especially pp. 139–143

Web links

Commons : Speyrer Kirche  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Irtenkauf: The problem of two diocesan borders: Speyrer Kirche Ditzingen . In: Blätter für Württembergische Kirchengeschichte 63 (1963), pp. 138–151.
  2. ^ Document printed by: Wolfgang Irtenkauf: The problem of two diocesan borders: Speyrer Kirche Ditzingen. In: Blätter für Württembergische Kirchengeschichte 63 (1963), p. 145.
  3. ^ Thomas Schulz: Old Württemberg camp books from the Austrian period 1520-1534 . Volume V: Asperg, Bietigheim, Besigheim, Markgröningen, Leonberg and Vaihingen offices . Stuttgart 1989, p. 326.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Irtenkauf: The problem of two diocesan borders: Speyrer Kirche Ditzingen . In: Blätter für Württembergische Kirchengeschichte 63 (1963), p. 143.
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Irtenkauf: Walks into the past (17): Speyrer Kirche Ditzingen . In: Schwäbische Heimat 3/1984, p. 240.
  6. ↑ The "Speyrer Church" in Ditzingen . In: For building site u. Workshop. Notifications from the advice center for the construction industry. Published by the Württ. Landesgewerbeamt, April 1925.
  7. ↑ Description of the Oberamt Leonberg . Published by the Württemberg State Statistical Office. Second processing. 1st volume. Stuttgart 1930, p. 675.
  8. ^ Friedrich Piel : Baden-Württemberg (Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German Art Monuments ). [Munich] 1964, p. 91.
  9. ^ Adolf Schahl: Ditzingen in the history of art . In: Heimatbuch Ditzingen . Published by the municipality of Ditzingen for the urban survey in 1966. Ditzingen 1966, p. 142.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Irtenkauf: Walks into the past (17): Speyrer Kirche Ditzingen . In: Schwäbische Heimat 3/1984, p. 240f.
  11. ^ Adolf Schahl: Ditzingen in the history of art . In: Heimatbuch Ditzingen . Published by the municipality of Ditzingen for the urban survey in 1966. Ditzingen 1966, p. 142.
  12. ^ Anton Gast: Historical churches in Ditzingen. A guide through the Konstanz and Speyr churches. Ditzingen 1985, p. 30.
  13. ↑ Description of the Oberamt Leonberg . Published by the Württemberg State Statistical Office. Second processing. 1st volume, Stuttgart 1930, p. 673.
  14. ↑ Karl Habrik: Catholic parish . In: Heimatbuch Ditzingen . Published by the municipality of Ditzingen for the urban survey in 1966. Ditzingen 1966, p. 118.
  15. ↑ Image in: Fritz von Graevenitz. Sculpture, painting, graphics . 2nd Edition. Stuttgart 1980, p. 64.
  16. ^ Heinrich Singer: History of the recent times . In: Heritage and Mission. The Catholic parish of Ditzingen in the past and present . Stuttgart 1962, pp. 26-29.
  17. ↑ Wolfgang Irtenkauf: The problem of two diocesan borders: Speyrer Kirche Ditzingen . In: Blätter für Württembergische Kirchengeschichte 63 (1963), pp. 140f.
  18. ↑ Regina Keyler (edit.): The oldest land register of the Reichenbach priory from 1427 (= publications of the commission for historical regional studies in Baden-Württemberg. Series A, volume 51). Stuttgart 1999, p. 114.
  19. ↑ Otto Schubert: The Speyr Church . In: [Artur] Jehle / [Hans] Veit (ed.): The Speyrer Church (= Ditzinger Geschichtsblätter 1). Ditzingen 1924, p. 7.
  20. ↑ Heimatbuch Ditzingen . Published by the municipality of Ditzingen for the city elevation in 1966. Ditzingen 1966, plate 29.
  21. ↑ See also Anton Gast: Historical Churches in Ditzingen. A guide through the Konstanz and Speyr churches. Ditzingen 1985, p. 23.
  22. ↑ Wolfgang Irtenkauf: The miracle healing of the "Schnaiter Master" from Ditzingen . In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt - Ärztliche Mitteilungen 64 (1967), pp. 2587-2589.
  23. ↑ Leg miracle of Saints Cosmas and Damian , museum-digital.de (accessed on September 10, 2018).
  24. ↑ Otto Schubert: The Speyr Church . In: Jehle / Veit (ed.): The Speyr Church (= Ditzinger Geschichtsblätter 1). Ditzingen 1924, p. 7.
  25. ↑ Wolfgang Irtenkauf: The tombstone at the Speyr church in Ditzingen. The life and suffering story of Katharina Barbara von Anweil . Ditzingen 1995.
  26. ↑ Valuable tombstone restored and moved to Speyr church . In: Ludwigsburger Kreiszeitung , March 18, 2004.
  27. ↑ A serenade for the new Plum organ . In: Ludwigsburger Kreiszeitung, October 25, 2005.
  28. ↑ A pipe organ that obeys the laws of nature . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung, October 29, 2005.
  29. ^ Sigrid Thurm: German Bell Atlas: Württemberg and Hohenzollern . Edited by Günther Grundmann. Munich, Berlin 1959, p. 401.
  30. ^ Adolf Schahl: Ditzingen in the history of art . In: Heimatbuch Ditzingen . Published by the municipality of Ditzingen for the urban survey in 1966. Ditzingen 1966, p. 141.
  31. ^ Ditzinger Anzeiger, November 11, 1960.

Coordinates: 48 ° 49 '42.7 "  N , 9 ° 3' 48.8"  E