Double hyphen
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⹀ ⸗
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|---|---|
| Punctuation marks | |
| Comma, comma | , |
| Semicolon, semicolon | ; |
| Colon, colon | : |
| Point | . |
| Ellipsis | ... |
| Focus | · |
| bullet point | • |
| Question mark | ? |
| Exclamation, exclamation, call signs | ! |
| Apostrophe, apostrophe | ' |
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- - Hyphen ; Hyphen ; Supplementary line |
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| Indent ; Up line | - |
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quotation marks "" »« / «» ‚'› ‹ / ‹ › |
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| Slashes / \ | |
| Brackets () [] | |
The double hyphen or double hyphen is a character , which consists of two identical parallel tightly superimposed horizontal or slightly upwardly tilted strokes that the hyphen same and are shorter than the equal sign . The character is specified in Unicode , but rarely available in fonts as of 2018 .
As a typographic variant of the hyphen
In most broken scripts , the hyphen is represented in the form of an oblique double hyphen . However, this form is not an independent character, but a spelling variant or special glyph of the hyphen and must also be coded as such. This also ensures that when the font is changed, the hyphen is always displayed in the correct font without any further measures.
Chance is also found in serif fonts of the hyphen in the form of the double dash (see the picture of a shown below postmark impression (the d. H. In 1960 as an example), horizontal or even slightly to the distinction of the equal sign curled upward slanted or slightly rounding sign (≈) aligned) .
As an independent character
For texts in which double hyphens are used differently than single hyphens, the character U + 2E40 ⹀ double hyphen was added to Unicode in 2013 . Such uses are for example:
- In transcriptions of older German texts in which the original hyphenation should remain visible (especially if the rules for hyphenation at the time differ from the current ones), the original hyphen is rewritten with a double hyphen. The transcription can then be broken according to today's rules, since the hyphens that were created in the process can be distinguished from those of the original as single hyphens.
- It is possible to replace words that are usually written with a hyphen with a double hyphen as soon as the word is to be separated at the end of the line at the place of the hyphen. This is how the Merriam-Webster English dictionaries do, for example . In German, this procedure can be found on station signs, for example, see the example “Berlin-Friedrichshagen” shown below.
- In the case of train direction signs , the double hyphen is used within city names to avoid confusion with the route line (example: IC 593 Baden-Kurier Freiburg - Baden⸗Baden - Karlsruhe - Stuttgart - Ulm - Augsburg - Munich).
- The writer Arno Schmidt uses the double hyphen in his works in compound words in order to clearly emphasize the individual word components.
- In the Latin written orthography (Fiero spelling) of the Ojibwe of simple hyphen to delineate is verb - prefixes used and to distinguish them the double hyphen in word division at the end of the line.
Angled variant as an independent character
The oblique double hyphen (Unicode: U + 2E17 ⸗ double oblique hyphen ) was added to Unicode as an independent character in 2005, together with the previously missing characters from the Coptic script , due to its use in didactic materials on the Coptic language . This form is also used in other linguistic materials as a sign that is clearly distinguished from the hyphen. The Unicode standard lists this character as an Ancient Near-Eastern linguistic symbol and expressly notes that it is not intended to be used as a hyphen in fractional texts.
Double hyphens in non-Latin writing systems
In Japanese , a special double hyphen (Unicode U + 30A0 ゠ katakana-hiragana double hyphen ) is used in the katakana spelling of western terms and names consisting of several individual words to clarify their individual components (example: Russell-Einstein Manifesto : ラ ッ セ ル ゠ ア イ ン シ ュ宣言 ). The sign can be clearly distinguished from the simple line chōon (U + 30FC ー katakana-hiragana prolonged sound mark ). However, the middle point (U + 30FB ・ katakana middle dot ) is used more often. If both spaces and hyphens are used in foreign names, both midpoints and double hyphens can appear in the transcription (example: Catherine Zeta-Jones : キ ャ サ リ ン ・ ゼ タ ゠ ジ ョ ー ン ズ ). Since the double hyphen does not appear in older coding standards such as Shift-JIS , the equal sign can also be found in its place.
In the spelling of languages that use the Canadian syllabary ( e.g. Cree and Ojibwe ), a double hyphen is used specially coded for this script (Unicode: U + 1400 ᐀ canadian syllabics hyphen ). This differs from the character U + 1428 ᐨ canadian syllabics final short horizontal stroke , which denotes a consonant at the end of a word and could otherwise be confused with a single hyphen.
Similar characters
The spelling of Budu , a Bantu language spoken in the Haut-Uele province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo , uses, in addition to other special letters, a "shortened equals sign" similar to the straight double hyphen as a tone sign (U + A78A ꞊ modifier letter short equals sign in the Latin block , extended- D ).
Examples
Special imprint of the German Federal Post 1960: double hyphen as a written version of the hyphen
Sign: Double hyphen as a font variant of the hyphen
Double hyphen derived from single hyphen by line break; the station name and the district of the same name is written " Berlin ‑ Friedrichshagen "
Train destination sign with double hyphen in the station name Hamburg-Altona
Representation in computer systems
| character | Unicode position |
Unicode name |
Designation, remark | Unicode block |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | U + 002D | hyphen-minus | The hyphen minus appears in Fraktur as a slanted double hyphen |
Basic Latin |
| ᐀ | U + 1400 | canadian syllabics hyphae | Canadian syllabary hyphen | Unified indigenous Canadian syllables |
| ⸗ | U + 2E17 | double oblique hyphen | Slanted double hyphen | Additional punctuation |
| ⹀ | U + 2E40 | double hyphen | Double hyphen | Additional punctuation |
| ゠ | U + 30A0 | katakana-hiragana double hyphae | Katakana / Hiragana double hyphen | CJK symbols and punctuation |
| ꞊ | U + A78A | modifier letter short equals sign | Short equal sign as a letter | Latin, extended-D |
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Everson : On the use of hyphen and double hyphen in Fraktur typography (Unicode Document L2 / 03-329, ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC2 / WG2 Document N3629). (PDF) Unicode Technical Committee, October 3, 2003, accessed February 12, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Code Chart: Supplemental Punctuation. (PDF) Unicode Consortium, accessed February 14, 2017 . - “[U + 2E17 double oblique hyphen ...] used in ancient Near-Eastern linguistics. - hyphen in Fraktur text uses 002D - or 2010 -, but with a ⸗ glyph in the fonts ”
- ^ Arno Schmidt: Erzählungen , Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-10-373505-7 . Detail of the right margin of page 525 (with text from the 1964 story Caliban about Setebos ).
- ↑ German National Body of ISO (i.e. DIN ): Revised Proposal to encode a punctuation mark "Double Hyphen" (Unicode Document L2 / 11-038, ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC2 / WG2 Document N3983). (PDF) Unicode Technical Committee, January 17, 2011, accessed February 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Another example: Train direction sign of the Hellas Express 1981
- ^ Hans G. Güterbock, Harry A. Hoffner, Theo PJ van den Hout: The Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CHD) , volume L – N, Chicago 1989, ISBN 0-918986-58-3 ( Detail of the left margin of the right column from page 355)
- ↑ Michael Everson : Revised proposal to add the Coptic alphabet to the BMP of the UCS (Unicode Document L2 / 03-327, ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC2 / WG2 Document N3626). (PDF) Unicode Technical Committee, October 1, 2003, accessed February 12, 2017 .
- ↑ Peter G. Constable, Lorna A. Priest: Proposal to Encode Additional Orthographic and Modifier Characters (Unicode Document L2 / 06-259r, ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC2 / WG2 Document N3216). (PDF) Unicode Technical Committee, October 20, 2006, accessed February 12, 2017 .
