French village church Buchholz
The Protestant village church French Buchholz in today's Berlin district of Französisch Buchholz is one of more than 50 under monument protection standing village churches in Berlin . It was built in the 13th century as a three-part apse church made of stone blocks . In 1852 the church was redesigned and expanded. The organ, part of the interior, the roof structure and the tower were destroyed during the Second World War .
history
In 1242 the Angerdorf , which was built around 1230, was first mentioned in a document. The careful stone block masonry and the remains of round arches identify the church as a late Romanesque building, which is also indicated by the original apse . It can therefore be assumed that it was built between 1250 and 1260. The village had four parish hooves and one church hoof.
On November 1, 1539, the Elector Joachim II , accompanied by some noblemen, took part in a celebration of the Lutheran Last Supper in the St. Nikolai Church in Spandau for the first time . This date is considered to be the beginning of the Reformation in the Electorate of Brandenburg. In 1670 the village fell into the possession of Elector Friedrich Wilhelm . In 1685 the Minister of State Joachim Ernst von Grumbkow settled a colony of religious refugees in accordance with the Edict of Potsdam . From 1689 the church was used as a simultaneous church by the Evangelical Lutheran parish and the French Reformed parish . It was not until 1910 that the two parishes united under Pastor Hurtienne.
architecture
The building material for the first church, which consisted of a three-part apse church with a nave with a retracted choir and apse , was made up of the abundant field stones in the Feldmark , which were cut into blocks that were as precise as possible. The portal and the small windows were covered with round arches . At the end of the 16th century, a flat cross vault supported by pillars was drawn under the beamed ceiling . The features of the former beamed ceiling from the 13th century can still be seen on the roof structure ( dendro date from around 1305). In addition, the church received a wooden roof tower that sat on the west gable. Its weather vane is dated 1772. The church was plastered in baroque style.
In 1705 two larger arched windows were added to improve the lighting. As 375 places were required for the parishioners in 1830, but only 225 were available, the church was expanded in 1852 by building a transept with a new apse. A third of the old church was demolished, namely the retracted choir and the original apse made of stone blocks. A transept and a brick apse were built in their place . Staggered gables on both sides of the transept and the western entrance front give the building a uniform external appearance.
In 1881 the use of bells was forbidden because the roof tower on the south-west side was lowered by a sponge. The bells were removed and a belfry was built in the churchyard. After unsuccessful repairs to the tower in 1883, a square tower in neo-Gothic style with a weather vane was built in 1886 in the southern corner between the nave and the transept. At the end of World War II, two bells were donated from metal by the German people , and the building's aging caused severe damage in the 19th and 20th centuries.
From 1949 to 1951 the church was temporarily repaired. The pillar in the central aisle that supported the east wall of the roof tower on the west side was removed; the west wall of the roof tower sat on the west gable. When the roof tower was demolished in 1886, this supporting pillar was no longer necessary.
Since 1970 there have been three bells from the bell foundry in Apolda in the bell chair.
Interior
With the renovation in 1852, the baroque interior of the altar, pulpit and baptismal angel disappeared. The French community pushed for a renovation of the church. The church received a new baroque painting. In 1961, long after the Second World War, the altar, pulpit and baptismal font were made of travertine, the choir was redesigned and the windows were newly glazed. The gallery was torn down. In 1986 the church was last renovated.
In 1706 the parish bought its first simple organ. In 1850/52 the organ was repaired when the church was rebuilt. In 1880 the community received a new organ, which after 90 years was replaced in 1971 by a new building from the Alexander Schuke Potsdam Orgelbau company . In 2008 the instrument was completely overhauled.
The altar cross comes from the artist Georg Tyllack .
Literature (chronological)
- Günther Kühne, Elisabeth Stephani: Evangelical churches in Berlin. Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-7674-0158-4 .
- Kurt Pomplun : Berlin's old village churches. Hessling, Berlin 1962, 6th edition, Haude and Spener, Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-7759-0261-9 .
- Renate and Ernst Oskar Petras (eds.): Old Berlin village churches. Heinrich Wohler's drawings. Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-374-00543-8 .
- Markus Cante: Churches until 1618. In: Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (Hrsg.): Berlin and its buildings. Part VI: Sacred buildings. Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-433-01016-1 , p. 333.
- Matthias Friske : The medieval churches on the Barnim. History - architecture - equipment. (Churches in Rural Areas, Vol. 1). Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-931836-67-3 .
- Christel Wollmann-Fiedler, Jan Feustel: Old village churches in Berlin. Berlin Edition, 2001, ISBN 3-8148-0089-3 .
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments - Berlin. Munich / Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-422-03111-1 .
Web links
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
- The Evangelical Church Community in French Buchholz
Coordinates: 52 ° 36 '28.9 " N , 13 ° 26' 1.7" E