Village church Mariendorf (Berlin)
The village church of Mariendorf dates from the second quarter of the 13th century and is located in the old village center on the corner of Mariendorfer Damm and Alt-Mariendorf in the Mariendorf district of Berlin . It is the oldest church of the Protestant parish of the district and - due to its floor plan as a four-part apse church and the careful ashlaring of the field stones - one of the oldest village churches in the Berlin urban area.
history
Construction of the village church
Construction of the Mariendorfer Church is believed to have started in the second quarter of the 13th century. It was erected in the center of the broad street village , probably laid out around 1230 , on the south side of the village street, and replaced a wooden previous building that was probably only in use for a short time. The graves next to this were found in 1952 during renovation work. Like the neighboring villages of Marienfelde and Tempelhof , the Knights Templar organized the German settlement of Mariendorf in the early 13th century, starting from the Komturhof Tempelhof . Under their rule , the stone church was built as a so-called " complete complex " with a nave-wide west tower , single-nave nave , choir and apse (four-part apse church). As in numerous other comparative cases of this type of floor plan in the Mark Brandenburg , the west transverse tower was not completed with field stone blocks ( static subsidence problems, cost issues), but only after the Middle Ages. The field stone substructure ends halfway between the eaves and the ridge of the nave . The windows and the original portal on the north side had round arches, today overformed, probably in the 18th century.
Further building history
At the end of the 16th century, the fieldstone base of the nave-wide tower was supplemented by wooden upper floors with a square floor plan, so that the boarded-up tower appears to be drawn in above the roof of the nave. In addition, a sacristy was added to the north side of the choir. In the years 1565–1568 new roofs were built and the beamed ceiling in the choir area was replaced by a groin vault . The nave got barrels of stitch caps over three round supports that divided the nave into two aisles . The three pillars still disturb the line of sight on the altar. Since 1737 the church has had a characteristic wooden baroque tower structure, which is closed off by a copper helmet and weather vane. Between 1902 and 1903 the church was renovated.
The patron , the council of the city of Cölln , donated a valuable carved altar in 1626, which filled almost the entire apse. In World War II, this altar was relocated and has been missing ever since. The pulpit from 1714 had to be replaced due to the destruction of the wood in the 20th century.
The chime, one of the oldest church bells in Berlin, dates from 1480. Because of its historical value, it was not melted down and thus survived the two world wars undamaged.
The church had had an organ since 1846. It was made by the Potsdam organ builder Gottlieb Heise .
After the Second World War
The Mariendorfer Church survived the air raids in World War II halfway unscathed: the windows were destroyed and the roofing was damaged. However, there was a considerable need for renovation . Moisture damage in particular became an increasingly pressing problem. From 1952 onwards there were extensive renovation measures. When the floor was taken and the foundations were uncovered , it became clear that the church stands on a former burial site. In addition, Mrs. von Rosay's grave from 1781 was discovered in the church. As part of this work, the main entrance to the church was relocated to the west side of the tower and a connection was established between the tower and the nave. Six smaller panel paintings , painted between 1600 and 1646, originally from the gallery balustrade of the Heilig-Geist-Kapelle in Berlin-Mitte, came into the church. The altar cross is a cast of the Werden cross made in the 11th century . In September 1957, the renovation was completed with the inauguration of the new organ.
In 1970 a carillon from the Edelbrok foundry with 16 bells was installed in the tower. Several times a day, about three minutes before the hour, a spiritual song is played. Its effect is limited to the narrow area around the church due to the traffic noise from the surrounding streets.
literature
- Kurt Pomplun: Berlin's old village churches , Berlin 1962, 6th edition 1984. Haude & Spenersche Verlagbuchhandlung, ISBN 3-7759-0160-4 .
- Günther Kühne, Elisabeth Stephani: Evangelical churches in Berlin . 2nd Edition. CZV-Verlag, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-7674-0158-4 , p. 244 f.
- Parish church council of the Protestant parish Mariendorf (ed.): The village church Alt-Mariendorf and its history. Berlin 1990.
- Matthias Hoffmann-Tauschwitz: Old Churches in Berlin. 33 Visits to the oldest churches in the western part of the city .2. revised edition. Wichern-Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-88981-048-9 , pp. 24-32.
- Markus Cante: Churches until 1618 , in: Berlin and its buildings, Part VI: Sacred buildings. Ed .: Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin , Berlin 1997, p. 333.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Since the tower and nave of a four-part apse church ("complete system") had different heights and therefore different weights, the ground pressure of the tower was greater than that of the nave, so that subsidence cracks developed between the tower and the nave within the same masonry association, which often occurs in such churches are noticeable.
Coordinates: 52 ° 26 '22 " N , 13 ° 23' 13.4" E