Jerrahi

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The Jerrahi - Tariqa ( Arabic الطريقة الجراحی, DMG al-Ṭarīqa al-Ǧirrāḥī ) is one of the numerous tariqas ( Sufi orders) within Islam and a branch of the Halveti tariqa. Internationally it is mainly known under the spelling Jerrahi , in Turkey under Cerrahî . In the course of the 20th century, the traditional order was transformed into a cultural association for the care of classical Sufi music.

Window to the Jerrahi-Tekke mausoleum in Istanbul

history

founding

Founder and namesake is Hadrat Pir Nureddin al-Dscherrahi al-Halveti (* May 4, 1678; † July 28, 1721) from Istanbul (in the then Ottoman Empire ; today Turkey ). Around 1703 he was sent by his Sheikh Alauddin Kostendili to Karagümrük , a district in the European part of Istanbul, to found a branch of the Halveti-Tariqa. Shortly afterwards he opened a dergah (place of dervish assemblies, Turkish Tekke ) there.

From Pir Nureddin the "spiritual line" (arab. Silsila ) via Ramazanuddin Mahfi († approx. 1616), Hadrat Ahmad Schamsuddin Marmarawi († approx. 1504), Pir Muhammad Erzindschani , Sayyid Yahya Schirvani († approx. 1457), Pir Umar Halveti († 1347), Hadrat Ibrahim Zahid Gaylani , Hadrat Suhrawardi , Hadrat Junaid of Baghdad , Hasan al-Basri and Hadrat Imam Ali back to the Prophet Mohammed .

Modern times

On September 2, 1925, in the course of secularization by the state founder Ataturk, an official ban came into force by a resolution of the great Turkish National Assembly (Türk Büyük Millî Meclisi), which made the maintenance of a dervish center illegal. At that time there were 14 Tekkes of the Order in Istanbul. Nevertheless, the Jerrahi-Tariqa continued to exist in secret for the time being. The then Sheikh was Fahruddin Efendi († 1966), the 18th successor to Pir Nureddin.

After his death, Muzaffer Efendi († 1985), the 19th successor to Pir Nureddin, opened the Tekke to the public despite Ataturk's continued ban. From now on the order experienced a brisker influx; especially from the end of the 1970s, when Muzaffer Efendi made several trips to Western Europe and the USA until his death. In this way, the Jerrahi-Tariqa also contributed to the fact that Sufism and the ceremony of Dhikr became a little better known among a Western audience.

During his visits to the USA, Muzaffer Efendi met, among others, Lex Hixon , who then converted to Islam and became his student. Under the name Nur al-Jerrahi , he founded a branch of the Jerrahi -Tariqa called Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Order , which to this day has a large number of followers in the United States and Mexico and teaches a modern and universal view of Sufism.

To this day (as of 2005) the Jerrahi-Tariqa is still active in the sense of a music and cultural association, the center is also still in the same place in Karagümrük. The original Tekke building, which Pir Nureddin had built at the beginning of the 18th century, also houses his grave, which has been a place of pilgrimage for devout Muslims ever since . The graves of all subsequent Jerrahi Sheikhs are also located there.

In 1991 the State Ensemble for Classical Turkish Music was founded with the support of the Ministry of Culture of Turkey . The weekly performances in the former Tekke are now increasingly popular with tourists. This ensemble has traveled to Europe and Japan, among others.

distribution

Apart from the Jerrahi-Tekke in Istanbul, the order is still represented in the following countries (in some cases these are also smaller splits that are only loosely connected to the Tekke in Istanbul):

Belgium
Bosnia
Germany
Greece
Great Britain
Italy
Spain
Canada
Mexico
United States
new York
Seattle
California
Indiana
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
South Africa

literature

  • Şenay Yola: Shejch Nureddin Mehmed Cerrahî and his order. (1721–1925) (= Islamic Studies . Vol. 71). Schwarz, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-922968-14-7 (also: Munich, university, dissertation).
  • Muhammad Jamal al-Jerrahi Gregory Blann: Lifting the Boundaries. Muzaffer Efendi and the Transmission of Sufism to the West. Four Worlds, Nashville TN 2005, ISBN 1-59744-038-8 .

Web links