Zinnwald-Georgenfeld

Zinnwald-Georgenfeld City of Altenberg Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 11 "  N , 13 ° 45 ′ 54"  E
Height :	807  (780-880)  m above sea level NN
Residents :	423  (December 31, 2018)
Incorporation :	January 1, 1994
Postal code :	01773
Area code :	035056
Location of Zinnwald-Georgenfeld in Saxony
Tin forest in winter

Zinnwald on the Oberreitschen map (1821)

Zinnwald-Georgenfeld is a district of the town of Altenberg in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district .

geography

location

Zinnwald-Georgenfeld, located directly on the German-Czech border , is about 45 km south of Dresden and about 4 km south of Altenberg . On the ridge plateau of the eastern Ore Mountains in 780- 880  m above sea level. NN lying scattered settlement is the highest place in the eastern Ore Mountains .

Natural space and geology

Climate diagram of Zinnwald-Georgenfeld

Zinnwald-Georgenfeld 1989–2018 (precipitation 1981–2010) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) -1.0 -0.4 3.2 9.0 13.8 16.5 18.8 18.8 13.7 8.5 2.9 -0.4 O 8.7 Min. Temperature (° C) -5.5 -5.2 -2.4 1.6 5.9 8.8 11.1 11.0 7.3 3.0 -1.3 -4.7 O 2.5 Precipitation ( mm ) 78 64 75 61 87 89 109 129 78 67 86 82 Σ 1.005 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.4 2.5 3.5 5.4 6.6 6.4 6.8 6.7 4.8 3.2 1.2 1.3 O 4.2 Source: DWD, 1989–2018, (precipitation: 1981–2010)

In terms of nature, the place and its immediate surroundings belong to the low mountain range of the upper Eastern Ore Mountains . Zinnwald-Georgenfeld is located on a plateau gradually sloping to the north , the shape of which is characterized by low-relief energy-poor, flat hollows and ridges. There it is in the ridge layers around 800–900  m above sea level. NN a very rough, cool and wet climate . The annual precipitation reaches values ​​around 1020 mm (annual mean 1951–1980, annual mean 1901–1950: 1100 mm). About a third of this falls on average as snow. The snow cover is around 130 days a year, the first snow falls on average in October, the last on average in May. At the Zinnwald-Georgenfeld weather station, from August 12th, 7:00 am to August 13th, 2002 , 7:00 am, a 24-hour value of 312 mm was recorded, the highest daily value of precipitation since the beginning of routine measurements in Germany. The annual mean temperature reaches values ​​of around 5.0 ° C (annual mean 1981–2010, annual mean 1971–2000: 4.7 ° C). Numerous foggy days are also characteristic. The vegetation period is very short at 155–175 days.

Zinnwaldite from Zinnwald (type locality)

The gravelly-stony frost debris blankets form only poorly productive podsol and brown podsol soils. In the geological structure, the gneiss typical of the Ore Mountains dominates the solid rock subsoil . Along a fissure running south from Dippoldiswalde , magma rose in the Upper Carboniferous and solidified to a granite porphyry in the interior of the earth . In the course of pneumatolysis in rock fissures, mainly tin and tungsten minerals were deposited from residual solutions of this magma . Zinnwald is also the type locality of lithium minerals Zinnwaldite .

history

Development of the community

Old landmark at the hut house

Ev.-Luth. Zinnwald-Georgenfeld church for exiles

The municipality emerged from the amalgamation of several mining settlements, with the Cínovec (Bohemian Zinnwald) part of the town of Eichwald ( Dubí ) located directly on the Czech side . Cínovec consists of the former municipalities of Přední Cínovec (Vorderzinnwald) and Hinterzinnwald . Vorderzinnwald was dissolved after 1945 and razed to the ground. It was the oldest part of Zinnwald, its first mining settlement fell in the 13th century.

The exact time when "Cynwald" was founded has not yet been determined. In a chronicle of the Meissen margraves is said to be mentioned as the year of foundation of Zinnwald 1134. In search of further tin deposits , miners from Graupen ( Krupka ) penetrated into the tin forest area via seven gables, robbery castle and dead child. The entire area northwest of the town of Graupen to Moldau ( Moldava ) was originally called the Zinnwald. In 1432, according to unconfirmed reports, there was supposed to have been a coal-burning hut in Vorderzinnwald . Zinnwald was first mentioned in a document in 1378 . The place is a typical example of a scattered settlement . On April 25, 1459, the day of Eger , the border line was re-regulated and Zinnwald became Meissnian and thus Saxon. The border course decided on is one of the oldest still valid today in Central Europe . Since then, Zinnwald has belonged to the Lauenstein family, the von Bünau family .

Commemorative plaque for Goethe's visit in 1813

Seal of the community of Zinnwald

In 1460 the ash trench was built through the Rosengrund. In 1541 the breakthrough of the Erbstollen to the St. Georg colliery was documented, which brings a depth of 52 m to the approx. 500 m long Tiefen Bünau-Stolln. The Turkish tax list of 1530 shows that 104 miners worked in the Bohemian Zinnwald. In 1544 peat was cut in the Georgenfeld high moor . In 1577, 27 landlords were already living in Bohemian Zinnwald , and in 1590 two taxable citizens were registered in the Saxon Zinnwald. In June 1632, during the Thirty Years' War , the first raiding imperial hordes invaded the Eastern Ore Mountains from Graupen . After the war there were only seven houses left. In 1639 the Swedish troops marched through the Ore Mountains, pillaging and pillaging. In 1640 the plague was brought to Zinnwald by citizens of Graupen . In 1671, Elector Johann Georg II released a new settlement area for the miners needed in the rapidly growing mining industry. Initially, six houses were built along the border, over time the settlers extended the row of houses and this is how Alt-Georgenfeld came into being in the Altenberg district

In 1728, 800 evangelicals emigrated from the Bohemian to the Saxon Zinnwald. In 1731 there was another wave of persecution in Bohemia, after which Neu-Georgenfeld was laid out according to a fixed plan, which was originally called God-Faithful. On November 4, 1741, 300 Saxon horsemen crossed Zinnwald on their way to Prague , as Saxony took part in the War of the Austrian Succession . They were stored in Zinnwald until November 9, 1741. In 1767 486 quintals and in 1785 601 quintals of tin were mined. On June 10, 1809, Prussian hussars , coming from Bohemia , entered the Ore Mountains via the Geiersberger Pass and met 10,000 Austrian soldiers. From June 4 to August 13, 1813, there was an armistice, which Johann Wolfgang Goethe used to visit Zinnwald on July 10, 1813. He was in Bad Teplitz for the cure .

The seven Zinnwälder pits merged in 1851 to form the Union of Zwitterfeld zu Zinnwald. The tin yield from the pits was very variable. Mining flourished again around 1900, as the extracted tungsten was used for steel finishing. At the entrance to the town you can still see the inscription "Stahlbau Becker Berlin" on a house. After the First World War, mining was stopped and the dumps were only processed.

After the Second World War, the population increased sharply due to the displaced people, mainly from the Czech Republic. This population group is also remembered in the local history museum in Georgenfeld.

On July 1, 1950, Zinnwald and Georgenfeld were merged and on January 1, 1994, Zinnwald-Georgenfeld was incorporated into Altenberg.

Mining history

Visitor mine "Unites Zwitterfeld to Zinnwald"

The Zinnwald tin ore mining has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Ore Mountains Mining Region since 2019 .

The most productive Zinnwald pits were:

• To the whimsical 3 heads
• The incredulous Thomas
• Werner colliery
• Georgen Stolln
• St. Johannis
• Beech colliery
• Rich comfort
• Unites Zwitterfeld

Population statistics

In the following, the information Zinnwald and Sächsisch-Zinnwald refer to today's Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.

• 1555: 14 houses are mentioned in the Bohemian Zinnwald (Cínovec).
• 1575: Visit logs already indicate 27 houses for the Bohemian and Saxon part of Zinnwald. However, the majority is located in the Bohemian Zinnwald (Cínovec), for Saxon Zinnwald only 2 taxable residents are named in 1572 and 1612.
• 1586: The Oedersche map shows only three houses for Zinnwald, including probably a stamp mill .
• 1623: Zinnwald had 10 home owners.
• 1667: There were 12 houses in Zinnwald.
• 1674: Georgenfeld had 6 inhabited houses.
• 1690: 125 people lived in Saxon Zinnwald, 525 in Bohemian Zinnwald (Cínovec).
• 1701: Georgenfeld had 10 inhabited houses.
• 1718: The number of houses in Georgenfeld had risen to 20.
• 1748: Zinnwald had 59 houses, in Georgenfeld there were 52 houses in 1717/31.
• 1834: 401 inhabitants lived in Zinnwald and 296 in Georgenfeld.
• 1840: Saxon Zinnwald had 411 inhabitants in 75 houses, Bohemian Zinnwald had 1,149 inhabitants in 201 houses.
• 1843: Zinnwald had 80 houses.
• 1871: There were 358 inhabitants in Zinnwald and 284 in Georgenfeld.
• 1890: 307 inhabitants lived in Zinnwald and 219 in Georgenfeld.
• 1910: 322 residents lived in Zinnwald and 201 in Georgenfeld.
• 1925: 364 inhabitants lived in Zinnwald and 217 in Georgenfeld.
• 1939: 401 inhabitants lived in Zinnwald and 232 in Georgenfeld.
• 1946: There were 643 residents in Zinnwald and 387 in Georgenfeld.
• 1964: 912 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.
• 1970: 835 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.
• 2006: 585 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.
• 2009: 493 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.
• 2010: 486 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.
• 2011: 470 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.
• 2014: 458 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.
• 2015: 442 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.
• 2017: 430 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.
• 2018: 423 people lived in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld.

Memorials

A grave with a memorial stone in the cemetery in the Zinnwald district commemorates two Serbian concentration camp prisoners who were murdered by SS men on a death march from a subcamp of the Flossenbürg or Buchenwald concentration camps in the spring of 1945 .

Culture, leisure, education, social affairs

Site and buildings

Ev.-luth. church

Typical house with shingle roof and ladder

Zinnwald is the typical example of a scattered settlement , that is, a non-farming and irregularly created small settlement. This was mainly due to the natural conditions that did not allow for profitable agriculture in the main occupation. In addition, the settlers were left to their own devices as miners, day laborers or craftsmen , so that the social motive to form a (structurally close) village community was also missing. In complete contrast to Zinnwald, the Georgenfeld district has an orderly settlement image due to the planned layout by Bohemian exiles .

The foundation stone of the Zinnwälder Exulantenkirche took place on June 3rd, 1908, the consecration of the bell on October 22nd, 1908 and the consecration of the church on September 20th, 1909. The design comes from the architects Lossow and Kühne from Dresden. The miners' pictures in the church were made by the Dresden painter Paul Herrmann.

Due to the lack of an agricultural character, the floor plan and structure of the houses in both Zinnwald and Georgenfeld do not reflect the typical homestead forms found in the lower-lying villages. Instead of multi-sided courtyards, the so-called single houses dominate, with their strong walls combining living and utility rooms under one roof. To protect against fires and adverse weather conditions, the roofs and the gables are not covered with straw, but mostly with shingles .

The Grumbtmühle is one of the oldest structures in Zinnwald. The 130-year-old mill is still in operation and functional despite its old age.

The Grenzsteinhof was once the hereditary court of Georgenfeld and the seat of the head of the community. The current name comes from an old border landmark that was about 200 m southeast of him. This stone column with the year 1673 and the electoral Saxon coat of arms refers to the lords of the Saxon and Bohemian Zinnwald, the lords of Bünau and the Bohemian Count von Sternberg.

Museums and exhibitions

Museum Huthaus

• Huthaus mining museum

The hat house of the union "United Zwitterfeld zu Zinnwald", which has been a listed building since 1913, has housed the local history museum since 1983. The exhibition mainly provides information about the development of tin mining and the everyday life of the miners.

• Ewald Schönberg Gallery (in the Huthaus )

The Hutmann's former living quarters show a complex collection of works by the painter Ewald Schönberg (1882–1949). Schönwald mainly devoted himself to depicting people and landscapes in the Eastern Ore Mountains.

• Visitor mine Unites Zwitterfeld to Zinnwald

The visitor mine, which opened in 1992, gives visitors access to the deep Bünau tunnel, which was excavated by the von Bünau noble family in 1686 . Is impressive by fire setting created enough Roster widening. The almost 3 km long tour leads underground to the German-Czech border.

Natural monuments, hiking trails and nature trails

Entrance to the Hochmoor nature reserve

• Cross-border mining nature trail , starting at the municipal museum in Krupka (Graupen in German), via Krupka Castle to the Starý Martin (Alter Martin) mining museum, on to Komáří vížka with a view of České středohoří , downhill over the chapel of St. Wolfgang (kaple sv . Wolfganga) to the Zinnwald ( Cínovec ), where it continues from Zinnwald to Altenberg.
• A well-known natural monument in the vicinity is the Georgenfelder Hochmoor developed by Hans Marschner the Elder .
• Zinnwald is part of the major nature conservation project Protected Mountain Meadows in the Eastern Ore Mountains .
• Skifernwanderweg Vogtland - Osterzgebirge ( cross-country highway Erzgebirge / Krušné - Osterzgebirgsloipe )

Bivouac hill near Zinnwald

Public and social institutions

• Local administration Zinnwald-Georgenfeld
• Federal Police Inspection Altenberg
• Zinnwald district fire department
• Zinnwald day care center

Sports and leisure facilities

• Hofmannsloch biathlon stadium
• Jägerhütte youth hostel
• Klügelhütte Youth Hostel

Zinnwald was the venue for the German championships in the 2009 summer biathlon .

traffic

new customs office on the B 170

B 170 in Zinnwald

The community is located on the B 170 , which connects Dresden with Prague ( border crossing ). The service of the customs and the federal police ceased on December 21, 2007. Since then, the border crossing on the B 170 and the one in the Zinnwald district have been passable for car traffic without any controls.

Personalities

• Rolf-Dieter Arens (born February 16, 1945), pianist and university professor
• Markus Ulbig (born April 1, 1964), politician

Several well-known athletes grew up in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld and live in the village:

• Manfred Beer (born December 2, 1953 in Altenberg ), biathlete
• Eberhard Rösch (born April 9, 1954 in Karl-Marx-Stadt), biathlete
• Katja Wüstenfeld , b. Beer (born October 10, 1976 in Dohna ), biathlete
• Romy Beer (born January 14, 1981 in Dohna), biathlete
• Michael Rösch (born May 4, 1983 in Pirna), biathlete

Sports

In the GDR , Zinnwald was developed into a so-called talent factory for biathlon . On October 15, 1956, the SG Dynamo Zinnwald was founded, which was relocated to the state sports center Altenberg after the fall of the Wall , where ( skeleton , luge , bobsleigh , biathlon) are also trained. In 1964 a new building of the sports community was inaugurated in Zinnwald / Georgenfeld. The biathlon world championships took place in 1967 in the Zinnwald-Altenberg region. From 1965 to 1968, a new generation of athletes shaped the biathlon scene: Heinz Kluge , Hansjörg Knauthe , Horst Koschka and Dieter Speer . The latter won the first world title in the history of the GDR biathlon sport - in 1971 in Hämeenlinna, Finland . At the 1972 Olympic Games in Sapporo, the people of Zinnwald achieved outstanding results: Hansjörg Knauthe won a silver medal in the individual race and the athletes Hansjörg Knauthe, Horst Koschka, Joachim Meischner and Dieter Speer, who started in the relay race, won bronze. This was the breakthrough to the world's best. The "Hofmannsloch" biathlon stadium was extensively expanded in 2005 to create the conditions for a world championship like the one in 1967. Frank-Peter Roetsch began his career in Zinnwald and won two Olympic gold medals in Calgary in 1988 .

literature

• Around Altenberg, Geising and Lauenstein (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 7). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1964.
• Günter Groß , Rikarda Groß : Georgenfeld and God faithful. Two refugee settlements on the Osterzgebirgskamm. Dippoldiswalde 2015.
• Bernhard Jasmand (Ed.): Goethe. Excursion to Zinnwalde and Altenberg. Dresden 1949.
• Council of the community Zinnwald-Georgenfeld (publisher): Mining history educational trail in Zinnwald-Georgenfeld. Zinnwald-Georgenfeld 1988.
• Council of the community Zinnwald-Georgenfeld (Hrsg.): Heimatgeschichte Zinnwald. Zinnwald-Georgenfeld 1989.
• Wolfgang Schilka: Zinnwald. The story of a mining town in the Eastern Ore Mountains. Zinnwald-Georgenfeld 1995.

Web links

Commons : Zinnwald-Georgenfeld  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Zinnwald-Georgenfeld website
• Community chronicle and information on mining history
• Visitor mine "Unites Zwitterfeld to Zinnwald"
• Zinnwald-Georgenfeld in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Numbers and facts on the website of the city of Altenberg
2. ↑ DWD
3. ↑ State Office 2002 in Ernst & Stephan 2007
4. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
5. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany , see 1994.