Fürstenau (Altenberg)
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Fürstenau
City of Altenberg
Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ′ 15 " N , 13 ° 49 ′ 55" E
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| Height : | 723 (680-740) m | |
| Residents : | 183 (December 31, 2018) | |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1994 | |
| Incorporated into: | Geising | |
| Postcodes : | 8231, 01778 | |
| Area code : | 035054 | |
Location of Fürstenau in Saxony |
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 Panorama of Fürstenau in winter 2004
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Fürstenau is a district of Altenberg in the Eastern Ore Mountains , in the south of Saxony . The neighboring town of Voitsdorf is in the north of Bohemia . Both places are separated by the German-Czech border .
geography
Geographical location
Fürstenau is located about 45 km south of Dresden in the Ore Mountains. The place borders directly on the Czech border in the south , whereby the neighboring Czech municipality Fojtovice (Voitsdorf) can be reached via a hiking trail ( small border traffic ). Zinnwald-Georgenfeld and some houses of Müglitz (Grenzschänke-Hammermühle), which are in the corridors of Fürstenwalde, are the neighboring communities of Fürstenau along the German-Czech borderline formed here by the Weißen Müglitz . On the Czech side, Fürstenau borders on the parcels of the former Czech communities of Vorderzinnwald ( Přední Cínovec ), Böhmisch Müglitz ( Mohelnice ) and Ebersdorf ( Habartice u Krupky ), which were demolished as part of the Sudeten expulsion . The place itself extends for about 3 km in the hollow of the stream of the same name. He rises from about 680 m above sea level. NN perched Hofeteich at the northern end of town to the south to about 740 m above sea level. NN , but sinks back to the Müglitz to about 700 m above sea level. NN from.
Natural space
In terms of nature, the municipality of Fürstenaus , which is largely over 700 m high, can be assigned to the upper Eastern Ore Mountains. The surface appearance is determined by wide, low- energy relief plateaus rising to the south with little pronounced elevations. An exception is the 807 m high Traugotthöhe southwest of the village. The plateaus are cut up by rivers and streams that, like the Fürstenauer Bach, consistently follow the incline of the mountains. The Fürstenau climate is determined by annual mean temperatures around 5.2 ° C and annual precipitation around 1000 mm, of which around 25% is snow (mean values 1901–1950). In the growth months of May and June, the long-term mean (1901–1950) temperatures of 12 ° C and precipitation of 305 mm were measured. Older descriptions of the place indicate that up to the 17th century, rough winds and icy fog were almost at home in Fürstenau . The gneisses , granite and quartz porphyries predominantly in the subsoil form mostly sand-clay- brown earth - soil associations . Agricultural use is still possible on the brown soils or brown podsoles with a vegetation period of around 200 days. However, the climate limits the productivity of the soil (number of fields: 24), so that agriculture concentrates on grassland and the related cattle breeding .
history
founding
According to a legend, the Margrave Heinrich von Meißen got lost while hunting around 1000 and was attacked by wolves (in Wolfsgrund), three charcoal burners save him and the prince clears them and gives them the forest area of the former Vorderzinnwald and half of Fürstenau. 1149 Mining begins on the Mückentürmchen, which is probably when Fürstenau and Löwenhain were founded . The high colonization for the Ore Mountains took place until 1200 . It is assumed that Fürstenau and Fürstenwalde were founded at the latest during this time or at least immediately afterwards. The place was founded around the middle of the 13th century in the first clearing time of the Ore Mountains, under the reign of Henry the Illustrious, perhaps even at the instigation of this margrave.
Location and corridor form, architectural style
The generous and clear layout of these two row villages and their forest hoofed meadows suggest that they are German settlers, from Franconian tribe , since around 1200 the Slavs laid out their places differently. The village and corridor shows that Fürstenau was laid out as a rural settlement in the form of a forest hoof village. The older buildings bring the character of the mountain village clearly expressed: Ground floor house with strong stone walls , small windows shingle studded gable , Vorhäuschen outside the front door.
The upper village, which arose as a result of resettlement, covers about a quarter of the village boundary. For the upper village the hooves were only measured with a good 19 acres (around 11 ha), in the older Niederdorf it was 33 acres (around 19 ha).
Around 1900 the Fürstenau marketed area with its districts covers 818 ha.
Name and coat of arms
The name Fürstenau is, as is typical for most German colonist villages, a name made up of two parts. The determinant prince creates a reference to the founder of the settlement. It is probably derived from the lord of the castle and landlord who lived at Lauenstein Castle. The weir system north of Fürstenau around 1250 served as a starting point and protection point for the first wave of settlement in the upper Eastern Ore Mountains. The basic word -au specifies the location and creates a spatial reference. The ending of the oldest known spelling voerstenowe ( 1324 ) refers to the Old High German ouwa or the Middle High German ouwe , which means something like land by the water or wet meadow . -au thus indicates the location of the place in the floodplain or the basin of a stream. A reference to the formerly existing moor of today's Fürstenauer Heide is also conceivable . The neighboring Fürstenwalde to the east has a similar linguistic background.
It is also possible to refer to the altitude of the place, which is located on the ridge of the Osterzgebirge, just like Fürstenwalde. Therefore one could also deduce the early foundation, which should serve to secure the post roads and the exchange of horses after the steep ascent from Bohemia .
In addition to the oldest spelling voerstenowe (1324), the forms Furstenow (1350), Furstenaw (1501) and Fürstenow (1520) have been handed down. On the maps of the first Saxon land survey made by Matthias Oeder and Balthasar Zimmermann around 1600, the place is referred to as Ferstenau . Albert Schiffner (1840) gives Neuendorf as the original name . He is probably referring to the houses and farms that were built at the southern end of the village in the course of a resettlement from 1530, since these are referred to as Neudorff by Oeder and Zimmermann . Today's spelling is already used on a map made by Adam Friedrich Zürner around 1730.
Development of the village
On July 26th 1324 a document shows that the Lords of Bergau and the Lord of Friedrich , Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meißen, enfeoffed the castle and town of Sayda , Purschenstein Castle and their "affiliations". The following villages were transferred to them as further fiefdoms : Helbigsdorf , Zethau , Dorfchemnitz, "Vorstenawe", Vorstenwalde , Bärenstein and Börnchen . They received this fiefdom as a pledge for a larger amount that they had lent to the margrave for three years. This shows that neither Fürstenau nor Fürstenwalde were accessories of the Sayda or Purschenstein castles.
Both villages thus have a special position in terms of ownership. It can be seen that they do not belong to the Lauenstein Castle either. Until 1350 Frederick III. (of rigor) create a “Lehnsbuch” (written proof of all possessions). It is noted in it that three gentlemen von Tharandt enfeoffed Fürstenau and Fürstenwalde. Friedrich and Hermann von Tharandt each own half of the two villages and Heinrich the other half. In this source, the two places are even listed as accessories to Tharandt Castle . In 1378 the "lower" Fürstenauers and Löwenhainers had to take the tin ore from the Kahler Berge to the laundry in Lauenstein as slave labor . In the 14th century the church was built in Fürstenau "To the Immaculate Conception Mariae". The village was always part of the Lauenstein rule .
In 1542, one year after the Hussite turmoil , the Turkish tax register noted next to the old Fürstenau an upper village in which 16 and one year later 17 farmers settled. In 1424 the Fürstenau church was "honored with a bell". From 1518 to 1547 the population of Fürstenau (Niederdorf) increased from 30 (1518) to 55 men ( Hermann Löscher , 1954). The border between the two places lies in the eastern part of the corridor, at the house number 11 on the list of places at that time, where the village stream also flows from the heather into the village settlement.
Resettlements must have taken place between 1529 and 1540 and until 1566, apparently because of the growing tin mining in the area. But the main line of business was still agriculture. From 1518 to 1547 the number of Fürstenau residents almost doubled from 30 to 55 men. Proof of this is the rise in the hereditary interest for the rule from around 30 shock in 1477 to around 50 shock in 1529.
The parish of Fürstenwalde was mentioned for the first time in the Meißnian Turkish tax registers from 1530 and both parishes in the visitation records from 1539/40 occasionally when the Reformation was introduced . They probably once belonged to the Prague diocese as a subsidiary of the Graupen parish church . Therefore it can be assumed that politically they belonged to the Kingdom of Bohemia until the Reformation , but they are owned by the Margraves of Meissen. Regardless of whether the settlers came from around 1200 from the Eger valley or from the Meißnerisches Land, they were definitely German farmers. In 1602 the village was still divided into the independent communities of Fürstenau and Oberdorf . In the middle of the 19th century it was still divided into the Upper and Lower Congregations , without assuming full independence. In 1813 Napoleon's troops caused great damage to the mountain village. On November 1, 1887 , the Fürstenau Altar of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary was transferred to the newly built chapel in Vorderzinnwald with a solemn accompaniment .
On June 1, 1900, Edmund Fehrsch, Hermann Kadner, Ernst Jäpel, Julius Kadner, Julius Gowasch, Julius Ehrlich, Heinrich Dietrich and Friedrich Kühnel founded the Fürstenau GmbH savings, credit and reference association.
In 1904 the Kadner family built a wind turbine to drive their agricultural equipment. This was used until it was connected to the electrical network in 1921, in 1950 the wind turbine was dismantled for safety reasons, and the tower was there until the 1990s.
In 1922 the Fürstenau family received electricity. In 1950 a bus line leads to Fürstenau. In 1953 LPG Type I (LPG Glückauf) was founded in the town. In 1959, Fürstenau had 789 cattle, of which 372 were dairy cows and 285 pigs, so 114.5 cattle (54 dairy cows) and 43.7 pigs per 100 hectares of usable area. In 1960 the establishment of the LPG for the whole village was completed. The last thatched roofs of Fürstenau fell by 1980, and there was extensive forest damage, especially in the spruce stands , as a result of air pollution from industrial emissions from the Bohemian Basin . In 1988 the school in Fürstenau was closed and it was decided to set up a library branch in its room.
In the mid-1960s, the Dippoldiswald painter and graphic artist Joachim Wünsch rented a room in Artur Klengel's stable house as a painting quarters. Curt Querner visited him there on April 12, 1967 and created the picture Bauer (old) which he also recorded in his diary. The Dresden painter and graphic artist Eberhard Göschel bought Dora Hübsch's residential stable in 1968 and expanded it into a studio. In 1988 Günter Grass lived with Göschel for several days and recorded this in his book My Century.
1989: The Fürstenau cattle combine has 1000 animals, including 300 dairy cows, 600 young cattle and 100 calves. 35 cattle, 62 pigs, 71 sheep and 1290 poultry were kept individually. In the village there was a mayor with a municipal administration office, a library, a kindergarten (the library and the kindergarten were built from classrooms that belonged to today's Oberschule Geising ), a consumer (grocery store), a post office (in Arthur Meißner's living room), two restaurants and a cultural hall. In 1991 the kindergarten was closed, as was the department store. In 1992 almost every household had a telephone connection and the post office was closed. The hiking border crossing in Fürstenau was opened on March 1, 1996, and later a specially created paid parking lot was built opposite the customs house.
The barn of the historic four-sided courtyard, which is owned by the municipality, was abandoned to decay after the incorporation to Geising and now to Altenberg and is now about to collapse. The demolition of the barn is planned. Thus the only four-sided courtyard in the place disappears.
The list of cultural monuments in the Free State of Saxony includes 27 monuments from Fürstenau, 18 of which are stables that were built in the 18th century.
In October 2010, 2 wind turbines were erected in the nature reserve east of the Mückenberg, after which a citizens' movement was founded to dismantle this and to preserve this unique cultural landscape.
In 2002, the artist couple Julia and Klaus-Michael Stephan bought the school and used it as exhibition space, in front of the house they erected several sculptures and a Christmas pyramid.
Günter Groß, who owns a weekend property in Fürstenau, created a DVD Fürstenau in 2009 . A border village in the Eastern Ore Mountains. Yesterday and today and 2011 a book Fürstenau A border village in the Eastern Ore Mountains . These two publications are intended to exemplify the life and work of the inhabitants of the Erzgebirgskamm.
The Fürstenauer Heide
The Fürstenauer Heide is a boggy birch forest . Occasionally, rails can still be discovered in it, on which the peat from the peat cuttings used to be transported on Hunten . The heather used to be used for hiking by the local population and visitors, until conservationists destroyed the paths and bridges over the moats and moats in the 1990s. More recent efforts aim to expand the nature reserve . Another, similar to the Fürstenau moor area, is located in the neighboring municipality of Zinnwald-Georgenfeld, the Georgenfelder Hochmoor .
The Fürstenau football and volleyball field is right in front of the Green Heath , as is the FSV clubhouse. On the other side of the street from the club house, until it was demolished in 1993, there was the holiday home "Grüne Heide". This restaurant was mentioned as early as 1804 "As a carpenter's shop with a bar".
Effects of nature conservation
From old reports it can be seen that capercaillie used to live here . The black grouse settled during the management by the LPG. During this time, the stone ridges typical of the Ore Mountains were removed in order to create more usable area, which in turn accelerated soil erosion . Recently, the Green League has created new (artificial) stone ridges made of atypical red stone, which are much higher and wider than the previous ones, as the farmers used to constantly remove their stone ridges in order to use them when building roads and houses use.
Locations
The locations Gottgetreu and Müglitz have always belonged to Fürstenau . Fürstenau with its 3 districts was incorporated into Geising in 1994. Under Mayor H. Günther, the place was free of debt until it was incorporated.
After the incorporation, the debts of Liebenau and Geising , and later also of Lauenstein, were evenly distributed across all districts. Community buildings such as B. the school were sold far below their price due to financial emergency and the investment in the place was almost completely stopped in favor of the city of Geising.
On January 1, 2011, Fürstenau became a district of Altenberg through the incorporation of Geising. Even after this incorporation, nothing has improved for the place. The culture hall and the adjacent barn, which belonged to the Erbrichtergut, are the only two buildings owned by the municipality. In 2013 it was decided to tear down the historically valuable barn instead of preserving it. This also means the end of the village's only four-sided courtyard.
Population development
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(1): from 1997: population at the beginning of the year (residents' office of the city of Geising)
(2): population including Müglitz and Gottgetreu
(3): Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
In 1925, the Evangelical Lutheran Church had 503 residents, the Catholic 9 and 2 of another faith.
Culture and sights
Museums, sights
- Silberstollen visitor mine
- Kohlhaukuppe
- Fürstenau is part of the project " Cross-border mining trail Krupka-Geising-Altenberg-Zinnwald / Cinovec-Dubi".
- Fürstenau is located in a black grouse sanctuary
- The Fürstenauer Heide is also a nature reserve
- Fürstenau is also part of the major nature conservation project "Protected mountain meadows of the Eastern Ore Mountains" with its unique stone ridge landscape
Buildings
- The church in Fürstenau, which existed until 1884, is one of the oldest in the whole area. With the pious on the other side of the border it was considered miraculous with their holy image of Mary. In the middle of the 19th century, processions moved from the nearby Bohemian towns to the old Fürstenau church, which became a Catholic place of pilgrimage on Protestant soil. So it came about that on the feast of the Assumption of Mary every year until 1883 there were pilgrimages to Fürstenau, whose participants even included believers from Lusatia.
- The Erbrichtergut in Fürstenau is the only four-sided farm in the municipality, which also withstood its house number 1, although it is in the middle of the village, despite the trend to relocate it to the beginning of the village. In this place, too, renumbering took place several times, which never affected the inheritance. In the barn on the Erbrichtergut, a stone staircase leads to the barrel-shaped, vaulted cellar in which there is a water hole, which is constantly filled with the water that springs from the rock. The city of Altenberg plans to demolish the barn and thus the destruction of the only four-sided courtyard in the community.
- A memorial stone in memory of 15 prisoners from a concentration camp subcamp who were driven through the town on a death march in April 1945 and murdered by SS men . They found their grave in the Fürstenau cemetery.
- The house where George Bähr was born in Fürstenwalde
Regular events
- The Heidefest Fürstenau takes place annually on the last full weekend in June. The folk festival on the edge of the Fürstenauer Heide is a festival for the whole family. On Saturday evening there is a program with a star guest, dance performances / magic show and later a striptease show. The star guests in recent years have been Maja Catrin Fritsche , Ina-Maria Federowski , Achim Mentzel , Hans-Jürgen Beyer , Andreas Holm & Thomas Lück , Nicole Freytag & Uwe Jensen and the Blattuß brothers .
- Winter solstice celebration at the school pond
- Pyramid pushing at the old school
- Christmas market at the fire department
- New Year's Eve event in the Kultursaal
societies
- FSV (Freizeitsportverein Fürstenau), founded in 1994, members 2006: 54
- FFSG (Familienfreizeit Sportgemeinschaft Fürstenau), founded in 1994
- Fürstenau volunteer fire department
- Fürstenau cultural association
- Fürstenau youth club
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- August Heinrich Dittrich (1797–1855), church missionary , pastor and book author
Personalities who have worked on site
- Eberhard Göschel (* 1943), painter , graphic artist and sculptor
- Ursula Bankroth (* 1941), painter and graphic artist
- Bernd Bankroth (1941–1991), painter, graphic artist, photographer and ceramist
- Klaus-Michael Stephan (* 1941), sculptor
- Julia Stephan (* 1943), sculptor
- Werner Wischniowski (1927–2009), painter and restorer
- Kristine Wischniowski-Helas (* 1944), artist, painter, graphic designer
- Günter Groß (* 1938), museum director and book author
- Rikarda Groß (1948–2019), book author
Pictures (selection)
- Carsten Watol, Fürstenau Church, 2000, pastel
- Dieter Kecke, Fürstenau, 1993, oil
- Heribert Fischer , farm of the Kotte family, 1939, watercolor
- Heribert Fischer, Landscape with a Windmill, 1939, watercolor
- Heribert Fischer, Fürstenau Church, around 1940, watercolor
- Heribert Fischer, Erzgebirgler, 1940, watercolor
- Heribert Fischer, In Fürstenau, 1975, drawing
- Heribert Fischer, Fürstenauer Dorfstrasse, 1975, drawing
- Heribert Fischer, Fürstenau house with pitched roof, 1975, drawing
- Hermann Glöckner , Church in Fürstenau, 1933, watercolor
- Hermann Glöckner, Equipment Park, 1950, tempera
- Joachim Wünsch, Heureiter in front of the homestead, around 1975, colored India ink drawing
- Joachim Wünsch, girl in Fürstenau, 1968, coal
- Jürgen Lorenz, Fürstenau Church, 2008, watercolor
- Ursula Bankroth, Fürstenau Church, 1987, oil
- Sonja Zimmermann, burial in the Fürstenau cemetery, 1992, oil on canvas
- Werner Carsch, Fürstenau, 1998, oil
- Werner Wischniowski, Fürstenau, 1976, oil
- Werner Wischniowski, neighboring house in the back light, 1985, oil
- Carsten Watol, Fürstenau Church, 2000, pastel
- Dieter Kecke, Fürstenau, 1993, oil
- Heribert Fischer, farm of the Kotte family, 1939, watercolor
- Heribert Fischer, Landscape with a Windmill, 1939, watercolor
- Heribert Fischer, Fürstenau Church, around 1940, watercolor
- Heribert Fischer, Erzgebirgler, 1940, watercolor
- Heribert Fischer, In Fürstenau, 1975, drawing
- Heribert Fischer, Fürstenauer Dorfstrasse, 1975, drawing
- Heribert Fischer, Fürstenau house with pitched roof, 1975, drawing
- Hermann Glöckner, Church in Fürstenau, 1933, watercolor
- Hermann Glöckner, Equipment Park, 1950, tempera
- Joachim Wünsch, Heureiter in front of the homestead, around 1975, colored India ink drawing
- Joachim Wünsch, girl in Fürstenau, 1968, coal
- Jürgen Lorenz, Fürstenau Church, 2008, watercolor
- Ursula Bankroth, Fürstenau Church, 1987, oil
- Sonja Zimmermann, burial in the Fürstenau cemetery, 1992, oil on canvas
- Werner Carsch, Fürstenau, 1998, oil
- Werner Wischniowski, Fürstenau, 1976, oil
- Werner Wischniowski, neighboring house in the back light, 1985, oil
literature
- Around Altenberg, Geising and Lauenstein (= values of the German homeland . Volume 7). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1964.
- Günter Groß, Rikarda Groß : Fürstenau. A border village in the Eastern Ore Mountains . Dippoldiswalde 2011
- Günter Groß : About rural life in Fürstenau in the Eastern Ore Mountains. in: Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz , Saxon State Center for Political Education (ed.): Rural area in Saxony. Dresden 2017, pp. 299–303
- Hermann Löscher : The story of Fürstenau.
- Albert Schiffner : Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony. Volume 2. Leipzig 1840.
- Pastor Siedel: Festschrift on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the Fürstenau church tower
- Richard Steche : Fürstenau. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 2. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Dippoldiswalde . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1883, p. 28.
Web links
- Fürstenau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Fürstenau on altenberg.de
- further information on local development
Notes and sources
- ↑ Numbers and facts on the website of the city of Altenberg
- ↑ Friedrich August Brandner: Lauenstein, his prehistory, earlier fates and present state. Lauenstein 1845. Quoted in: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin [Hrsg.]: To Altenberg, Geising and Lauenstein. Values of the German homeland Volume 7. Berlin 1964. P. 176
- ↑ A farmer received funding to create a piece of forest. Hardly two years later, however, it was assumed that the black grouse needed a meadow at precisely this point in the newly created forest and the farmer should receive funding again, but this time to remove the planting area. This eco-boss resulted in several contributions on MDR television.
- ↑ To Altenberg, Geising and Lauenstein (= values of the German homeland . Volume 7). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1964.
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