Piles of reading stones
Cairns ( English clearance cairns ; Swedish Röjningsröse ; Norwegian Rydningsrøys ) were from reading stones piled up, which when ordering the agricultural disturbed land, wandered especially by plowing to the surface and therefore collected by hand ( read were).
Over generations, these deposits have been stored on the edges of fields , meadows and forests to save space , and at the same time used to delimit the areas. Stacked up in lines, the result is reading stone bars . In some regions, the term “stone ridges” is used, some of which can be overgrown and accommodate a flora that is adapted to the microclimate of these dry, warm, woody locations. The “Pocheln” in the area around Bad Dürkheim are made of Tertiary limestone .
The glaciers of the various cold periods , e.g. B. the Elster , Saale and Vistula ice age , ensured that rock fragments of various sizes were transported over long distances. The melting of the glaciers in the warm periods deposited the sediment in large quantities, from field stones , which were often used as building material, to boulders with a volume of more than one cubic meter.
In regions that were not covered by glaciers from the Ice Ages, the reading stones are the weathering products of the rock .
habitat
The reading stone pile is often found on terminal moraines , for example in the geest . Piles of stones are extremely dry and warm habitats . They offer location factors similar to those of dry stone walls : intensive solar radiation and low water retention capacity , so that they are colonized by warmth and drought-loving plants. Since the stones store the sun's heat and release it at night, they are warm at night and a resting and hunting place for many insects and reptiles. Stone ridges, which are more or less overgrown in the course of succession , are related to the more humid hedgerows or wall hedges in northern Germany and sun-exposed (natural and partly anthropogenic ) rubble heaps or gravel areas in the low mountain ranges or the Alps . The small structures in their protected cavities and niches offer many plants protection and smaller animals shelter.
Wildlife
Typical fauna are:
-
Complete or preferred habitat:
- Wolf spider species
- Predatory spiders
- Jumping spiders
- Angular spiders ( Tegenaria ): T. picta, T. campestris, T. silvestris .
- In areas with loamy and clayey soils ( Börde and marshland areas ), earth bumblebees , field bumblebees, mortar-dwelling wild bees (e.g. mason bees ) are possible ( breeding site )
- As a complementary habitat (visiting as a guest), thermophilic and heliophilic species in sandy areas and their enemies
- Sand lizard , which uses neighboring, sandy areas to lay eggs, and other cold-blooded reptiles , such as the forest lizard , adder , slow worm and amphibians , which rest here in the sun and find protection from enemies in the spaces between the stones. This is especially true when biotopes of water bodies and forests are nearby
- Mouse weasel
- Earth bumblebees , field bumblebees , mortar-dwelling wild bees (e.g. mason bees )
- as well as other digger wasps (primarily sand wasp ), solitary bees , wood wasps as guests of neighboring hedges or piles of dead wood ( see: bumblebees )
- Ants also take advantage of the relative safety of the stone piles
- A difficult to keep track of number of beetles inhabit piles, bars and stone ridges, or are socialized in their neighborhood with their inhabitants, e.g. B. Calosoma the grave wasp .
- Tiger beetle (Cicindelidae)
-
Ground beetle (Carabidae)
- Hill ground beetle (C.arcrensis, C. arvensis)
- Short-domed ground beetle (C. convexus)
- Granular ground beetle (C. granulatus)
- Granule wart (C. cancellatus)
Flora
Typical flora can be found:
-
Shrub layer ( trees ) of the stone ridges:
- Mountain ash , sycamore maple , quivering aspen , wild apple , gray willow , ear willow , sloe , blackberries , common hazel , rose , raspberry , heather
- Herb layer of the stone ridges and piles of stones
Hazard and protection
As a valuable biotope , piles of reading stones are increasingly protected today . In the biotope network with a hedge , spatial contact with other species is established and the valuable ecological effect is reinforced. To prevent overgrowth, they should not be piled higher than a meter and closed with smaller stones. The destruction or significant or lasting impairment of a pile of reading stones is punishable by fines of up to 10,000 euros (Bbg) or up to 100,000 euros (MV). (§ 73 Paragraph 1 No. 9, 74 NatSchG BBg, § 43 Paragraph 1 No. 4, Paragraph 3 NatSchAG MV)
According to the “ Red List of Biotope Types ” in Baden-Württemberg , piles of reading stones are “endangered biotopes ” according to hazard category 3 and are classified as a biotope type “of low to medium importance” in terms of nature conservation .
Cultural monument
Stone piles and stone bars are often important historical sources for the earlier settlement of a landscape. Often old fields of a desert under forest are preserved. Reading stone piles have often grown over centuries and indicate old economic land. They were created on areas that were mostly worked with a hoe; but they can also show old pastures where the stones have been thrown together in piles to promote grass growth.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heiko Himmler: The earlier distribution of the Xerotherm locations around Herxheim am Berg, Kallstadt and Bad Dürkheim-Leistadt. Communications from Pollichia , Association for Nature Research and State Care eV, 77, Bad Dürkheim 1990, pp. 257–262.
- ↑ lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de: Red List of Biotope Types Baden-Württemberg - List ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PdF, State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg , 2002. p. 5, 11.00 p.m. Morphological special forms of anthropogenic origin , 11.00 p.m.)
literature
- Hermann Benjes : The networking of habitats with Benjes hedges. 5th, revised edition. Natur & Umwelt-Verlag, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-924749-15-9 .
- Green League Eastern Ore Mountains : Nature Guide Eastern Ore Mountains. Volume 2: An overview of the nature of the Eastern Ore Mountains. Sandstein Verlag, Dresden 2007, ISBN 978-3-940319-17-3 ( digitized chapter “Stone ridge - the special biotopes”. (PDF; 758 kB)).
- Saxon State Ministry for the Environment and State Development - Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology (Ed.): Specially protected biotopes in Saxony (= materials for nature conservation and landscape management. 2, ZDB -ID 1325314-1 ). 2nd edition, unchanged reprint. Saxon State Ministry for the Environment and Regional Development - Radebeul et al., Dresden 1995.
- Uwe Wegener (Ed.): Nature conservation in the cultural landscape. Protection and maintenance of habitats. G. Fischer, Jena et al. 1998, ISBN 3-437-35250-4 .
- Jiří Zahradník : Beetles of Central and Northwestern Europe. An identification book for biologists and nature lovers. Paul Parey, Hamburg et al. 1985, ISBN 3-490-27118-1 .
