Edmondo De Amicis
Edmondo De Amicis (born October 21, 1846 in the Oneglia district of today's city of Imperia , Kingdom of Sardinia , † March 11, 1908 in Bordighera ) was an Italian writer. His best-known work is his book for the youth: Cuore (heart).
Life
Edmondo De Amicis first went to school in Cuneo and later attended the high school in Turin . At the age of 16 he joined the Accademia militare di Modena and became an officer .
In 1866 he took part in the battle of Custoza as a lieutenant and contributed to the defeat of the Savoy troops because he was unable to lead his soldiers. This probably caused the disappointment that later drove him to leave the army. Nonetheless, De Amicis considered the army to be most capable - rather than the politicians - of bringing about the unity of Italy he longed for. He recommended military discipline as an educational tool. This topic and his own experiences are reflected in a series of short literary sketches which he published for the first time in 1868 in L'Italia militare , the War Ministry's magazine, under the heading La vita militare (The military life) .
This debut brought De Amicis, after his departure from the army, an order for the daily newspaper La Nazione, which is published in Florence . She sent him as a war correspondent in the last phase of the Italian wars of independence , so he experienced a. a. the conquest of Rome on September 20, 1870. In the following years De Amicis wrote numerous travel books: Spagna (1873), Olanda (1874), Ricordi di Londra (1874), Marocco (1876), Costantinopoli (1878) and Ricordi di Parigi ( 1879).
On October 17, 1886, the first day of school, the Treves publishing house finally published his novel Cuore , which immediately enjoyed great success: translations in many languages appeared within a few months. The book was highly valued in Italy at the time because it perfectly embodied the pathos of the Risorgimento and its moral standards. In later times, especially from the 1870s onwards, the book was rejected by progressive educators precisely because of these nationalistic and moralizing tones. On the other hand , Cuore was controversial among Catholics from the beginning because of his unvarnished secular tendency: religious acts are not mentioned at all, the students don't even celebrate Christmas. Edmondo De Amici's affiliation to Freemasonry cannot be clearly proven, but his attempt to sketch a secular state religion in Cuore as a substitute for Catholicism is considered indisputable by many literary critics.
In the years around 1890 De Amicis approached the ideas of socialism. This change is also noticeable in his later works, in which he pays attention to the problems of the poorest social classes. The national performances from Cuore are completely outdated. This was followed by books such as Sull 'Oceano (1889), which reports on the poor living conditions of poor Italian emigrants, Il romanzo di un maestro (1890), Amore e ginnastica (1892), Maestrina degli operai (1895), La carrozza di tutti ( 1899). He also wrote many articles on the social problems of the people of Turin, collected in the book Questione sociale (1894).
His last works were L'idioma gentile (1905) and Nuovi ritratti letterari e artistici (1908). His last years were overshadowed by the death of his mother, to whom he was deeply attached, and the ongoing seizures of his wife Teresa Boassi, which culminated in the suicide of his son Furio. Edmondo De Amicis died in Bordighera in 1908.
In 1903 De Amicis was admitted to the Accademia della Crusca in Florence, and in 1901 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .
The story Dagli Appennini alle Ande in the novel Cuore was filmed in the late 1970s as a 52-part Japanese anime series under the title Haha o Tazunete Sanzen Ri , which appeared in Germany as Marco . A complete film adaptation of the novel as a 26-part anime was released in 1981 as Ai no Gakkō: Cuore Monogatari ( 愛 の 学校 ク オ レ 物語 ). The book also served as a template for the 1990 Christmas series Marco - Across the Sea and Mountains .
Quote
“ L'educazione d'un popolo si giudica innanzi tutto dal contegno ch'egli tien per la strada.
The education of a people is judged above all by the behavior it shows on the street. "
Works (selection)
- 1868 Bozzeti di vita militare (scenes from military life)
- 1872/1873 Spagna (Spain)
- 1873/1874 Ricordi di Londra (Memories of London)
- 1874 Olanda (Holland)
- 1876 Morocco (Morocco)
- German new edition: Morocco ; from the Italian by Annette Kopetzki, with an afterword by Ludger Lütkehaus ; Corso, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3-7374-0717-5
- 1878 Costantinopoli (Constantinople)
- German new edition: Istanbul. Capital of the world ; selected and translated by Anette Kopetzki, with a foreword by Umberto Eco ; Corso, Wiesbaden 2014, ISBN 978-3-7374-0700-7
- 1879 Ricordi di Parigi (Memories of Paris)
- 1883 I due amici (The Two Friends), novel in two volumes
- 1886 Cuore (heart)
- German new edition: Cuore. A childhood a hundred years ago ; with 15 illustrations of the magnificent edition from 1892, translated by Hans-Ludwig Freese; Freese, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-88942-018-4
- 1889 Sull 'oceano (On the ocean), first under the title: I nostri contadini in America (Our farmers in America)
- German new edition: Auf dem Meer ; selected and translated by Annette Kopetzki, with an afterword by Erri De Luca ; Corso, Wiesbaden 2015, ISBN 978-3-7374-0710-6
- 1890 Il romanzo di un maestro (The novel of a teacher)
- 1892 Amore e ginnastica.
- new German edition: love and gymnastics ; translated by Barbara Kleiner , afterword by Manfred Pfister; Manesse, Zurich (Munich) 2013, ISBN 978-3-7175-2256-0 (= Manesse Library of World Literature )
- 1894 Questione sociale (The Social Question)
- 1895 Maestrina degli operai (The little teacher of the workers)
- 1899 La carrozza di tutti (Everyone's carriage)
- 1906 La tentazione della bicicletta (The temptation of the bicycle)
- 1906 L'idioma gentile (The Kind Language)
- 1908 Ricordi d'un viaggio in Sicilia (memories of a trip to Sicily)
- 1908 Nuovi ritratti letterari e artistici (New literary and artistic portraits)
literature
- Lucia Strappini: DE AMICIS, Edmondo. In: Massimiliano Pavan (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 33: D'Asaro – De Foresta. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1987.
- Sebastiano Timpanaro : Il socialismo di Edmondo de Amicis: lettura del 'Primo Maggio'. Verona 1984.
- Roberto Ubbidiente: L'Officina del poeta. Studi su Edmondo De Amicis. Frank & Timme, Berlin 2013. (= Sanssouci - Research on Romance Studies, 4). ISBN 9783865965363
Web links
- Literature by and about Edmondo De Amicis in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Edmondo De Amicis in the German Digital Library
- Works by Edmondo De Amicis in the Gutenberg-DE project
- Edmondo De Amicis in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- Haha where tazunete sanzenri / Marco / Cuore in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- Marco / Cuore / Haha wo tazunete sanzenri at Fernsehserien.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Rosario Francesco Esposito: La Massoneria e l'Italia. Dal 1860 ai nostri giorni . Edizioni Paoline, Rome 1979, p. 244 ff.
- ↑ Member list of the Crusca
- ↑ My Italy: Edmondo De Amicis
- ↑ The Zurich-based Manesse Verlag has been based in Munich since 2005, but it is still indicated in the bibliographies as “Manesse Zurich”
- ↑ Love and gymnastics at Perlentaucher.de
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | De Amicis, Edmondo |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian writer |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 21, 1846 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Oneglia , today Imperia (Liguria) , Kingdom of Sardinia |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 11, 1908 |
| Place of death | Bordighera |