Uniform system of electronic computing technology
The uniform system of electronic computing technology ( ESER ) was the subject of a multilateral government agreement for the development, production and use of a uniform system of electronic computing technology (HRC agreement on ESER) in December 1969 between the founding countries VR Bulgaria , Hungarian VR , GDR , VR Poland and USSR (later SR Romania and Cuba ).
ESER was also the name for computers that met this standard. Typically ESER computers were named "ЕС" ( Cyrillic for "ES") followed by a four-digit number (e.g. EC 1834 , an IBM-PC XT compatible computer from Robotron ).
The ESER series initially only included mainframe technology and its peripherals, later also PCs. From 1974 onwards, medium-sized and small computing technology was combined under the MRK agreement under "CM" (Cyrillic for "SM") in the system of small computers (SKR).
specification
ESER included the specification for all components of a large computer system (EDVA) - from the interface to the data carrier . The uniform documentation languages were English and Russian. The dialogue with the systems took place in English.
classification
Three series of computer systems are distinguished in the ESER. Series I ESERs were largely identical to the IBM System / 360 . These included the systems R40 / EC 1040 (Robotron) or EC 1022 (EC EWM / Soviet Union). Series II ESERs were largely compatible with the IBM System / 370 . The EC 1055, EC 1055M, EC 1056 and EC 1057 systems with central units from the VEB Kombinat Robotron were still in use in the GDR until the 1990s . The EC 1036 from Soviet production was also used in the GDR, which was specified by EC EWM as ESER III (IBM 390 compatible), but was less powerful than the EC 1056 and EC 1057.
Operating systems
- DOS / ES: a removable disk operating system with punch cards - job control , which could later be read from tape. Can also run on ESER I as the primary operating system or with SVM (see below) in a virtual machine (VM) on ESER II.
- OS / ES: the main system for larger systems - as a main memory resident operating system for ESER I, II and III. In the course of about 15 years of development, many versions and editions were created. For example, with its virtual memory management function (SVS: Single Virtual Storage), OS / SVS was able to virtually expand the main memory of an EC 1055M from 4 to 16 megabytes.
Configurations
hardware
An ESER-EDVA consisted of numerous large devices and could easily take up the area of a small supermarket.
The devices were divided into (example ESER II):
- Central unit / ZE: at least two large cabinets with processor , main memory and central interface (ZIF).
- Peripherals: direct input devices / terminals, punch card readers, direct access memory (magnetic disks), magnetic tape lines with the corresponding control devices, parallel printers, punch card punches, telephones, modems , devices for transporting and storing data carriers and accessories
- Data carrier: punch card , punched tape , magnetic tape cassette , 1/2 "magnetic tape, removable disk with 7.25 (EC 5052), 29 (EC 5061), 100 (EC 5066) or 200 MB (EC 5067), removable hard disk with 300 MB
An EC 1056 system in a data processing center consisted of:
- 1 central unit EC 2656,
- 2 operating and service processors (large screen terminals),
- 2 protocol terminals,
- 1 technician terminal,
- 4 chain printers (EC 7039),
- 2 drum printers (EC 7031),
- 2 magnetic tape sections with 2 control devices and 8 MB devices each EC 5002.03 M (predecessor was EC 5017),
- 2 magnetic disk sections with 2 control units and 8 WPS units each with 100 or 200 MB stacks as well
- 1 frame with magnetic tape cassette device, tape reader and punch.
software
The OC / EC or an SVM was running on a typical Series II ESER system during daytime operation. The SVM in "dialog mode" could manage up to 16 dialog VMs, including OS and DOS machines. In the job stream, several projects were processed simultaneously in multiplex mode under DOS and OS, depending on the control program configuration. If a job stopped because of a "request" (e.g. missing data carrier), the others continued. Apart from the operating systems and their service programs (e.g. Tepros = word processing under PTS) there was no standard software for ESER.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ ESER operating systems from DDR development. Retrieved April 25, 2020 .
Web links
- Hanns-Georg Jungnickel: Complete overview of the history of the GDR share in the ESER and the history of the USSR. Virtual ESER museum. Retrieved April 25, 2020 .
- VV Prschijalkowskij, general designer of the ESER: Historical overview of the computer family of the ESER. Retrieved July 24, 2011 .
- ESER on robotrontechnik.de. Virtual computer museum about the development of computing technology in the GDR. Retrieved April 25, 2020 .
- ESER 1055 - A data center from Dresden. In: Heinz Nixdorf Museum . Retrieved April 25, 2020 .
- digital AG. Computer & Electronics Working Group Halle. In: rechenwerk-halle.it. Retrieved April 25, 2020 .
- Overview with pictures on ESER computers. In: computer-museum.ru. Retrieved April 25, 2020 (Russian).
- Robert Schubert: On the situation of computing technology and data processing in the GDR. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017 ; accessed on April 25, 2020 .
- Gerhard Merkel : Prehistory and facts about the ESER. from "Operational sheet VEB Kombinat Robotron ". Retrieved April 25, 2020 .