Population development of Mannheim
This article gives the development of the population of Mannheim in tabular and graphical form.
Population development
In the Middle Ages and early modern times , only a few hundred people lived in Mannheim. Starting with the city's foundation in 1607 and the construction of the Friedrichsburg Fortress , Mannheim experienced several cyclical growth processes. The Thirty Years' War destroyed the early growth between 1607 and 1618 from around 800 to 1,200 inhabitants . A targeted recruitment policy for mainly Calvinist migrants gave the city a new growth phase in the second half of the 17th century with up to 6,000–7,000 inhabitants (around 1680), which was abruptly interrupted in 1688/89 by the Palatinate-Orléans War of Succession and in total Depopulation of Mannheim resulted. The resettlement of the city under Elector Johann Wilhelm from 1698 onwards revitalized the city, so that by 1719 the population level before the war could be reached again. Another boost began with the relocation of the Electoral Palatinate residence to Mannheim in 1720, during which the population rapidly increased in a short period of time and reached a new high of around 26,000 around 1770. The relocation of the residence to Munich in 1778 caused a further decline, which was exacerbated by the territorial reallocation of Mannheim in 1803. Until the middle of the 19th century, the population stagnated at between 19,000 and 22,000 inhabitants.
Only with the beginning of industrialization in the 19th century did population growth accelerate. In 1897 the population of the city exceeded the limit of 100,000, making it a major city .
By 1930 the population grew to 272,000. The strong increase in population between 1895 and 1930 was not only due to the surplus of births and migration gains, but also due to several incorporations of surrounding places. Among them was Neckarau, incorporated in 1899 (1895 = 7,619 inhabitants), the largest village in Baden at the time. At the census on May 17, 1939, there were already 284,957 people in Mannheim.
During the Second World War , Mannheim was almost completely destroyed due to the constant air raids on the industrial and railway tracks and residential areas. On March 17, 1945 Dwight D. Eisenhower declared the city of Mannheim to be a combat zone, although at that time there was still fighting on the Palatinate side. Most of the population then left the city in the direction of the Odenwald, so that at that point in time less than 100,000 people were probably living in Mannheim. On March 29, 1945, US troops occupied the city center.
In 1970 it reached its historic high of 332,378. On December 31, 2011, the “ official population ” for Mannheim was 314,931 according to an update by the Baden-Württemberg statistical office (only main residences and after comparison with the other regional offices ).
The following overview shows the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status. Up to 1802 these are mostly estimates, then census results (¹) or official updates from the city administration (until 1960) and the State Statistical Office (from 1961). From 1837 the information relates to the “customs clearance population”, from 1871 to the “local population”, from 1925 to the resident population and since 1987 to the “population at the place of the main residence”. Before 1837 the number of inhabitants was determined according to inconsistent survey methods. The US soldiers and their relatives who lived from the end of World War II to the dissolution of the US garrison in Mannheim were not recorded in the official statistics .
From 1450 to 1870
(respective territorial status )
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¹ census result
From 1871 to 1944
(respective territorial status)
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¹ census result
Source: City of Mannheim
From 1945 to 1989
(respective territorial status)
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¹ census result
Sources: City of Mannheim (until 1970), Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office (from 1971)
Since 1990
(respective territorial status)
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Source: Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office (The figures from the Mannheim municipal statistical office are in the order of 10,000 people less)
Population forecast
In its Guide to Demographic Change 2020 published in 2006 , in which the Bertelsmann Foundation provides data on the development of the population of 2,959 municipalities in Germany, a 1.0 percent decline in Mannheim's population (3,219 people) is predicted between 2003 and 2020.
Absolute population development 2012–2030 - forecast for Mannheim (main residences):
The 2011 follow-up study predicted a population increase by 2025, then a decrease. The different prognosis also coincides with that of other cities, since a stronger reurbanization tendency is assumed throughout Germany . However, according to ZENSUS 2011, the population “lost” (./. 7.5 percent), who contradict the forecast, must be taken into account.
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 31, 2003 | 308.353 |
| December 31, 2005 | 308,538 |
| December 31, 2010 | 309.190 |
| December 31, 2015 | 308,452 |
| December 31, 2020 | 305.134 |
Source: Bertelsmann Foundation
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 31, 2009 | 311,690 |
| December 31, 2015 | 317,840 |
| December 31, 2020 | 320,450 |
| December 31, 2025 | 321,000 |
| December 31, 2030 | 319,580 |
Source: Bertelsmann Foundation
| date | Residents |
|---|---|
| December 31, 2012 | 294.280 |
| December 31, 2020 | 306.220 |
| December 31, 2025 | 307.880 |
| December 31, 2030 | 307,540 |
Source: Bertelsmann Foundation
Population structure
The largest groups of foreigners legally registered in Mannheim on December 31, 2015 came from Turkey (17,083), Italy (8,191), Poland (7,210), Bulgaria (4,956), Romania (4,071), Croatia (3,463), Greece (3,112 ), Syria (1,762), Spain (1,656) and Afghanistan (1,372). The official statistics do not include naturalized persons and German-born children of foreign origin as foreigners.
| population | As of December 31, 2011 |
|---|---|
| Residents with main residence | 314.931 |
| of which male | 156,890 |
| Female | 158.041 |
| German | 239,437 |
| of which male | 116,892 |
| Female | 122,545 |
| Foreigners | 75,494 |
| of which male | 39,998 |
| Female | 35,496 |
| Proportion of foreigners in percent | 24.0 |
Source: Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office
age structure
The following overview shows the development of the total population and the individual age groups from 1990 to 2011. All data are from December 31 of each year.
| year | Total population | Age: 0-14 | Age: 15 to 64 | Age: from 65 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 310.411 | 40,487 | 220.724 | 49,200 |
| 1991 | 314,685 | 41,531 | 223,585 | 49,569 |
| 1992 | 318,446 | 42,885 | 225.605 | 49,956 |
| 1993 | 318.025 | 43,402 | 224.227 | 50,396 |
| 1994 | 316.223 | 43,265 | 222.271 | 50,687 |
| 1995 | 311.292 | 42,892 | 217.720 | 50,680 |
| 1996 | 312.216 | 43,127 | 218.201 | 50,888 |
| 1997 | 310,475 | 42,811 | 216,670 | 50,994 |
| 1998 | 308.903 | 42,407 | 215,593 | 50.903 |
| 1999 | 307.730 | 42,520 | 213.832 | 51,378 |
| 2000 | 306.729 | 42,333 | 212,326 | 52,070 |
| 2001 | 308,385 | 42,432 | 212,948 | 53.005 |
| 2002 | 308,759 | 42,084 | 212,868 | 53,807 |
| 2003 | 308.353 | 41,595 | 211,987 | 54,771 |
| 2004 | 307,499 | 41,156 | 210.393 | 55,950 |
| 2005 | 307,900 | 40,623 | 209.819 | 57,458 |
| 2006 | 307.914 | 39,956 | 209.298 | 58,660 |
| 2007 | 309.795 | 39,738 | 210,844 | 59,213 |
| 2008 | 311,342 | 39,388 | 212.358 | 59,596 |
| 2009 | 311,969 | 39,087 | 212.911 | 59,971 |
| 2010 | 313.174 | 38,807 | 214,747 | 59,620 |
| 2011 | 314.931 | 38,376 | 216,570 | 59,985 |
Source: Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office
Townships
The urban area of Mannheim is divided into 17 city districts. These are subdivided into city districts or statistical districts. See the list of districts and districts of Mannheim . The population figures in the table below refer to December 31, 2008 (main and secondary residences).
| Surname | Area in km² |
of inhabitants number |
Inhabitants per km² |
Number of foreigners |
Foreigners in% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feudenheim | 6.17 | 15,188 | 2,462 | 942 | 6.2 |
| Friedrichsfeld | 2.25 | 5,843 | 2,597 | 797 | 13.6 |
| City center / Jungbusch | 10.26 | 33,950 | 3,309 | 12,860 | 37.9 |
| Käfertal | 10.75 | 24,732 | 2,301 | 3,531 | 14.3 |
| Lindenhof | 2.20 | 13,390 | 6,086 | 1,593 | 11.9 |
| Neckarau | 10.98 | 31,695 | 2,887 | 5,078 | 16.0 |
| Neckarstadt-East | 6.01 | 35.195 | 5,856 | 8,325 | 23.7 |
| Neckarstadt-West | 9.01 | 20,774 | 2,306 | 8,624 | 41.5 |
| Neuostheim / Neuhermsheim | 5.27 | 8,081 | 1,533 | 840 | 10.4 |
| Rheinau | 15.37 | 25,694 | 1,672 | 5,198 | 20.2 |
| Sandhofen | 26.85 | 13,160 | 490 | 1,879 | 14.3 |
| Schönau | 2.95 | 13,323 | 4,516 | 2,691 | 20.2 |
| Schwetzingerstadt / Oststadt | 4.41 | 25,413 | 5,763 | 4,569 | 18.0 |
| Seckenheim | 9.42 | 15,927 | 1,691 | 2,347 | 14.7 |
| Bird rod | 3.16 | 13,331 | 4,219 | 1,494 | 11.2 |
| Waldhof | 12.87 | 24.199 | 1,880 | 3,799 | 15.7 |
| Wallstadt | 7.03 | 7,827 | 1,113 | 443 | 5.7 |
| Mannheim | 144.96 | 327,722 | 2,261 | 65,010 | 19.8 |
Source: Statistics Office of the City of Mannheim
Natural population development
The following overview shows the development of births and deaths in the city of Mannheim in selected years since 1975.
| year | Born | Died | Balance sheet |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 2,564 | 4,088 | −1,524 |
| 1980 | 2,594 | 3,537 | −943 |
| 1985 | 2,377 | 3,557 | −1,180 |
| 1990 | 3.215 | 3,568 | −353 |
| 1995 | 3,037 | 3,502 | −465 |
| 2000 | 2,872 | 3,414 | −542 |
| 2005 | 2,702 | 2,961 | −259 |
| 2006 | 2,680 | 2,954 | −274 |
| 2007 | 2,777 | 2,809 | −32 |
| 2008 | 2,794 | 2,959 | −165 |
| 2009 | 2,744 | 3,189 | −445 |
| 2010 | 2,816 | 3,109 | −293 |
| 2011 | 2,657 | 3,044 | −387 |
Source: Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office
See also
literature
- Grand-Ducal Ministry of Finance: Official contributions to the statistics of the state finances of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Verlag Chr. Fr. Müllersche Hofbuchhandlung, Karlsruhe 1851.
- Imperial Statistical Office (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook for the German Empire , 1880–1918.
- Statistisches Reichsamt (Ed.): Statistical yearbook for the German Reich , 1919–1941 / 42.
- German Association of Cities (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook of German Communities , 1890 ff.
- Federal Statistical Office (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany , 1952 ff.
- Bertelsmann Stiftung (Ed.): Guide to Demographic Change 2020. Analyzes and action plans for cities and municipalities. Bertelsmann Stiftung Publishing House, Gütersloh 2006, ISBN 3-89204-875-4 .
- Harald Stockert: “A constant coming and going”. 400 years of Mannheim city history - 400 years of migration , in: Badische Heimat 87 (2007) pp. 510–520.
- Ulrich Niess / Michael Caroli (ed.): History of the city of Mannheim. Supplementary and register volume . Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-89735-642-9 , pp. 6-9.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mannheim municipal statistics office: Population development 2001-2010 (PDF; 611 kB)
- ↑ Bertelsmann Foundation: Population projection
- ^ City of Mannheim: Residents with a migration background , accessed on October 30, 2016
- ^ City of Mannheim: City districts