Emmeram Gate
The New Emmeramer Gate is one of the five preserved city gates of the medieval city fortifications of Regensburg, built around 1320 . The well-preserved New Emmeramer Gate replaced the Old Emmeramer Gate of the Arnulfini city wall, which was built around 920 and was located at the southern end of the Oberen Bachgasse further northeast at the curve of the city wall between Obermünster and Sankt Emmeram Monastery . Up until 1907, when the neighboring Helenentor was built and the Helenenstrasse was laid out, the Emmeramer Tor was an important gateway to the Fürst-Anselm-Allee and further to the neighboring village of Kumpfmühl for the population of Regensburg .
location
The gate is on the southwest side of the old town, next to the south wing of the Thurn und Taxis Castle . The street “Waffnergasse”, once also called “Sauwinkel”, leads past the gate system , through the Helenentor, which was only built in 1907, and further over a steel girder bridge over the former city moat into the then newly constructed Helenenstraße .
Appearance
The gate tower is three-story. Several Gothic elements can be seen. The outside of the gate has an arch , while the inside has a simple round arch. Both arches are equipped with pointed arches, which are spanned by the battle cornice. One half of the gate hall is arched and the other half is flat. In the masonry of the city gate, a statue from the late Roman period was embedded, which was added to the collection of the historical association in 1867 .
history
The Bavarian Duke Arnulf I chose Regensburg as his new residence city in 918 and had an expanded ring of walls, the Arnulfinische Stadtmauer , built. This defense system was needed to protect the newly developed suburbs in the west and east, as traders and craftsmen had settled in front of the walls of the Roman legion camp Castra Regina . The Arnulfinische city wall began on the Danube at the church of St. Oswald , ran over the two squares Arnulfsplatz and Bismarckplatz, which were still connected at the time, and then encompassed the St. Emmeram monastery in a large arc to the south . At the Obermünster, the wall joined the Roman south wall again. Three city gates were integrated into the wall ring: the Rouzanburgtor at the end of today's Ludwigsstraße on Arnulfsplatz , the Hallertor at today's St. Georgen-Platz and the Alte Emmeramer Tor , which was located east of today's New Emmeramer Tor between Obermünster and the St. Emmeram monastery. The New Emmeramer Gate of the medieval city wall, located southwest of the St. Emmeram Monastery, was built, as were the other medieval city gates still preserved in Regensburg, e.g. B. the Ostentor , built in the Middle Ages around 1320 as part of the western and eastern expansion of the city . The new city wall connected to the Arnulfini city wall at the height of today's Aegidienplatz.
The gate tower of the Neue Emmeramer Tor was equipped with an upstream kennel and two flanking round towers. At that time, the gate was primarily of military importance and was therefore often closed in the 15th and 16th centuries. In 1564, the abbot of St. Emmeram's monastery asked the city council to open the gate for the import of the harvest each summer. In the 16th century, the gate was reinforced with a barbican , a defensive structure with artillery slots. After the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War , the gate was walled up. During the fighting for Regensburg in July 1634, the upper floors of the gate tower were badly damaged by artillery fire. In 1643 the tower was rebuilt.
With the advancing military development, the city fortifications were abandoned and the city walls torn down in the 19th century. The Emmeramer Tor came into the private ownership of the royal court of Thurn und Taxis . At the request of the city in 1873 , Princess Helene allowed a public passage through the gate connecting the Waffnergasse with the alley belt. From the south, a pedestrian bridge to the Emmeramer Tor was built over the partially filled moat. The gate became an extremely popular meeting point for the Regensburg population. In 1885, a terrace with a pergola was laid out in the princely palace park next to the Emmeramer Tor. Princess Margarete von Thurn und Taxis was a hobby painter and had a studio built into the tower by the chief building officer Max Schultze , which was connected with a spiral staircase on the outside. The south wing of the palace building was connected to the Emmeramer Tor with an accessible flying buttress by Schultze in 1896 .
At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Regensburg and Thurn und Taxis were no longer satisfied with a pedestrian path through the Emmeramer Tor as access to the newly built royal garages, stables and carriage stands north of the gate and were looking for an alternative to building one wider traffic route for vehicles. A wide street was planned from Emmeramsplatz to the new building area north of Emmeramer Tor. The princely court campaigned for the preservation of the Emmeramer Tor, because the historic gate and the character of the Fürst-Anselm-Allee as a continuous park should be preserved.
In 1907, the Helenentor was built immediately to the northwest next to the Emmeramer Tor to connect to the old town . The previous pedestrian bridge south of the Emmeramer Tor was demolished and the old city gate was integrated into the castle park with an entrance staircase in accordance with the guiding principles of monument conservation. At the expense of the house of Thurn und Taxis, in addition to the Helenentor, the tree-lined Helenenstraße was built in continuation of the Fürst-Anselm-Allee and connected to the then also newly created Schottenstraße as a new southern access road from Regensburg.
literature
- Peter Brielmaier, Uwe Moosburger: Regensburg. Metropolis in the Middle Ages. Regensburg 2007, ISBN 3-79172-055-4 .
- Baedeker's city guide Regensburg. Baedeker, Ostfildern 2002, ISBN 3-87954-026-8 .
- Karl Bauer : Regensburg. Art, culture and everyday history. 6th expanded edition. MZ-Verlag, Regensburg 2004, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 .
- Anke Borgmeyer, Achim Hubel, Andreas Tillmann, Angelika Wellnhofer: Monuments in Bavaria - City of Regensburg. Ensembles - architectural monuments - archaeological monuments. Volume III.37. Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Regensburg, 1997, ISBN 3-927529-92-3 .
- Hubert Schmid: Preservation of the townscape and monuments in Regensburg in the second half of the 19th century (1848–1914). Regensburg Studies, Volume 9.Regensburg 2004
- Martin Kluger: Regensburg. City guide through the medieval world cultural heritage. context Verlag Augsburg, Augsburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-939645-06-1 .
- Paul Otto Schulz: East Bavaria. Art and culture of the Upper Palatinate, Lower Bavaria and the Bavarian Forest. DuMont art travel guide. DuMont, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-7701-6323-0 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 525-547 .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg. Art, culture and everyday history. 5th expanded edition. MZ-Verlag, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-931904-19-9 . P. 473
- ^ Anke Borgmeyer, Achim Hubel, Andreas Tillmann, Angelika Wellnhofer: Monuments in Bavaria - City of Regensburg. Ensembles - architectural monuments - archaeological monuments. Volume III. 37. Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Regensburg, 1997, ISBN 3-927529-92-3 , p. 218
- ^ Hubert Schmid: Preservation of the townscape and monuments in Regensburg in the second half of the 19th century (1848–1914). Regensburg Studies, Volume 9.Regensburg 2004, p. 108
- ^ Hubert Schmid: Preservation of the townscape and monuments in Regensburg in the second half of the 19th century (1848–1914). Regensburg Studies, Volume 9.Regensburg 2004, p. 109
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg. Art, culture and everyday history. 6th expanded edition. MZ-Verlag, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 . P. 591f
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 51.9 ″ N , 12 ° 5 ′ 29.7 ″ E