Arnulfsplatz
| Arnulfsplatz | |
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| Basic data | |
| place | regensburg |
| District | Downtown |
| Created | 1803 |
| Newly designed | 1964 ( tram shutdown ) |
| Confluent streets |
Neuhausstrasse, Weißgerbergraben, To the beautiful opportunity, Rote Löwen Strasse, Ludwigstrasse, Kreuzgasse |
| Buildings |
Regensburg Theater , Kneitinger Brewery , Velodrom , bus station |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic, bicycle traffic, public transport, road traffic |
| Space design | asphalt |
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Arnulfsplatz west side 2010, town houses from No. 3; North side 2013, commercial buildings
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The Arnulfsplatz is a central square in Regensburg . The square, located to the west of the old town and north of the theater , was only created in 1803 from a large predecessor square, when Prince-Primate Dalberg's master builder Emanuel Herigoyen had completed the construction of a theater and society house. Through this theater building, called the New House, the large total square that existed at the time, which was formed together with today's Bismarckplatz , was divided up and two squares were created. Today six roads lead to Arnulfsplatz north of the theater, plus a pedestrian passage to the Velodrom theater and the access to an underground car park.
Despite the narrow road conditions, Arnulfsplatz developed into the junction of several city bus routes. In addition, the square is characterized by through traffic and therefore has only a poor quality of stay despite the impressive peripheral development with town houses from the 17th to 19th centuries.
Development of the large forerunner place until 1803
The free space of the two present-day squares Arnulfsplatz and Bismarckplatz, which were connected until 1803, was created before the establishment of the Roman legionary camp Castra Regina at the intersection of two older Roman traffic routes, an east-west route on the south bank of the Danube along the present-day streets Ostengasse, Ludwigstrasse, Wollwirergasse, Hochweg and a south-north connection from the Kumpfmühl fort to the Danube bank via today's Bismarckplatz and Arnulfsplatz and further along today's Weißgerbergraben road. There in the Danube plain a civilian Roman settlement called Danube settlement had arisen, which lay outside its walls after the rebuilding of the Roman legionary camp Castra Regina and lost its importance until the Middle Ages.
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The large square that was created there was preserved over several centuries and was initially outside the first Arnulfini city wall , which was built around 920, followed the course of Drei-Mohren-Strasse, ran across the large square and followed the Weißgerbergraben to the Danube. The former city gate at the end of today's Ludwigsstraße, the Ruozanburgtor (called "New Clock" from 1500) led to the large square. A branch of the Vitusbach also flowed through this gate over the square and the Weißgerbergraben to the Danube.
After the expansion of the city and the construction of the medieval city wall around 1320, which then also included the St. Jacob's Scots Monastery, the Arnulfini city wall lost its importance. The city armory, built around 1280 in the line of the western row of houses on today's Drei-Mohren-Strasse, now protruded with its western front onto the newly created large square. In addition to the armory, merchants 'booths, stonemasons' huts, wood and hay barns, and hay scales were also built. From the Middle Ages to the end of the 14th century, the contemporary name “Weir in front of the castle” became common for the large square. The square was later given the name Jacobshof or Jakobsplatz after the nearby Schottenkloster St. Jacob , which was built around 1110 .
For the period 1550-1660 fountain for the public water supply can be detected in the field of today's Arnulf square, fed by water from the Brunn bars in Dechbetten and at Eisbuckel. At this time there are also reports of a pond on the square that was supplied with water by the Vitusbach and used as a cattle trough. In preparation for the Perpetual Imperial Diet in Regensburg to 1653 the pond in 1656 after complaints from residents in the princely west adjoining house (now no. 4), which was built in the 16th century and embassies, in 1652 even became emperor Ferdinand III. was used as a quarter, filled in because of too strong odor nuisance. The elector of Cologne, the envoy of England Etheridge (1685–89), the Prussian envoy Ernst von Metternich with his family (1691–1727) and the Russian envoy (after 1799) lived there until 1800 . There is evidence of a brewery in house number 3 since 1590. This brewery has been owned by the family or the Kneitinger family foundation since 1861 .
The multi-storey so-called Arnulfsturm, which collapsed in 1648, was located at the location of the Arnulfsplatz building on the corner of Kreuzgasse. It was probably one of several late Romanesque residential towers that can still be found in the foundations of other houses . Today, a stone tower relief on the outer facade of the house at Kreuzgasse number 1 reminds of this building.
Origin of the Arnulfsplatz and its development and use after 1803
The division of the large total square caused by the new building of the theater in 1803 led to the name "Oberer Jacobshof" for the larger of the two new squares south of the theater and in 1885 to the current name Bismarckplatz . The smaller of the two squares that was newly created north of the theater was accordingly initially called "Unterer Jacobshof" . Not until 1872 did the designation "Arnulfsplatz" , probably after the Bavarian Duke Arnulf I. Even before this name change was the addition leading to the square in 1830. "Straße" , later called "Golden Arm Road" , in "Ludwigstraße" renamed been. On the occasion of the laying of the foundation stone of the Walhalla , King Ludwig I was also supposed to visit Regensburg and inaugurate the street that was newly named after him. In preparation for this visit, the building group leading from Ludwigsstraße to the “Untere Jacobshof” (Arnulfsplatz), consisting of a large gabled house closing the street with a barrel-vaulted narrow passage to the “Unterer Jacobshof” and the Ruozan castle gate attached to the house, was called “ Neue Uhr ” , broken off to give the king a clear view of what will later be Arnulfsplatz.
In 1899 Arnulfsplatz was connected to the city's new sewer system. During the canal works, a limestone altar was found for Vulcan , the god of the blacksmith, reminiscent of the Roman settlement period .
Development and use of Arnulfsplatz after 1900
In 1897, the bicycle dealer and liberal Jew Simon Oberdorfer had the Velodrom built on the large property behind the house at Arnulfsplatz No. 4 , an impressive hall structure in a supportless steel construction with surrounding balconies. Soon after it was completed, the hall was also used for political meetings and cultural events. With the theater and the velodrome, two of the largest city event venues were located on Arnulfsplatz, which therefore developed into one of the cultural meeting places for civil society in Regensburg in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1929 the Velodromsaal was converted into a popular cinema, which existed until 1974. After years of vacancy and decay, the building with the hall was placed under monument protection on the initiative of interested citizens in 1993 and then extensively renovated. Since then, the Velodrom has been used as a venue by the Regensburg Theater .
At the end of the 19th century, the image of the houses grouped around Arnulfsplatz had changed significantly to meet the new demands of the residents. Although the original structure of the houses was retained, the buildings had been adapted to the taste of the time through changes to the facades, additions and other optical modifications. Examples of this are the so-called Wild'sche house number 4 and the Fischer'sche brewery house number 6 (see picture with lettering Oberdorfer Velodrom)
From the middle of the 19th century to 1928, a high fountain statue stood in the middle of the Arnulfsplatz in a fenced, horticultural designed, 20 m in diameter roundabout. The figure of a shepherd boy cast in bronze stood on a column on a three-tiered base with an iron hexagonal substructure. The builder of the well and the reason for the later dismantling of the well are unknown.
As the pictures show, the horticultural facility survived the laying of tram tracks in 1903. It is unclear whether the facility with the fountain was removed during the further expansion of the Regensburg tram, for which there was supposedly a turntable on the square . Until 1964, the Arnulfsplatz was strongly influenced by the use of the tram. After the tram tracks were closed and dismantled in 1964, Arnulfsplatz was restructured several times in order to meet the new requirements of bus traffic. Today the paved square is not designed as a recreational area. The overall impression is dominated by the street running in a south-west-north-east direction with bus bays, two stop islands for buses and taxi parking spaces. Because the square is not visually appealing and offers only a poor quality of stay, the city administration of Regensburg launched the competition for the redesign of Arnulfsplatz with connecting roads in 2005 . The aim was to visually enhance the Arnulfsplatz, to redesign it functionally and to ensure accessibility. After a series of tests by the Regensburg transport company , it became clear that the winning design was not feasible because the 18-meter-long articulated buses of the RVB would not have been able to drive to the island of stops planned in the middle of the square. The total costs of the competition amounted to 256,000 euros and an additional 12,500 euros for driving tests. Further plans to redesign the square have been suspended for the time being.
Development
The Arnulfsplatz borders the theater building in the south and is surrounded on the west, north and east by residential and commercial buildings, eight of which are recorded, described and illustrated in the list of architectural monuments in Regensburg-Zentrum . At the northeast corner of the square is a commercial building from the 1980s, which was built there after an old, very large residential and commercial building belonging to the colonial goods company Mundigl & Wallner was demolished around 1972.
Development on the edge of the square
North side
Arnulfsplatz number 9 is a three-storey mansard roof house from the 18th century with a gable facing the Arnulfsplatz . Until April 2020 there was a branch of the fast food chain McDonald’s on the ground floor . The house at Arnulfsplatz number 8 is a building on the gable side of Arnulfsplatz. The core of the house dates from the second half of the 13th century and was in the 17th / 18th century. Reshaped in the 19th century. Business operations are located on the ground floor of the house.
East Side
The three-storey corner house at Arnulfsplatz number 1 with medieval substance has been rebuilt several times since the Ruozan castle gate was demolished in 1830. The shop windows on the ground floor, which belong to a bakery, were installed in 1892. A bistro is located in house number 2, a four-storey gabled house with medieval substance . The facade of the building dates from the second half of the 19th century. The north-eastern edge of the square is the new building of the medical center, on the ground floor of which there is a pharmacy.
South side
The entire south side of Arnulfplatz is taken up by the rear of the Regensburg Theater , built in 1849 , which replaced the burned down "New House".
West side
The building at Arnulfsplatz number 7 is a four-storey, gable-roof house from the 14th century, facing the square. The exterior was completely remodeled in 1796, whereby the original structure was retained. In 1976 the ground floor and the first floor were heavily modified to provide access to a parking garage. On the ground floor there is a Sparkasse branch next to the entrance to the Arnulfsplatz parking garage.
The facade of house number 6, a four- storey building facing the Arnulfsplatz eaves , belongs to the group of buildings of the former Emslander brewery. The core of this is from the 12th century. The complex was combined in the 19th century, and in 1937 the facade facing Arnulfsplatz was purified. There is a restaurant on the ground floor.
The core of house number 5 dates from the second half of the 13th century, the facade from the 18th century. A business is located on the ground floor of this building.
House number 4 is a 16th century gable-roof house facing the square. The core of the house was built around 1100. During the Perpetual Reichstag, it was inhabited by various embassies. The neo-Gothic facade was heavily modified in the 19th and 20th centuries, and in 1978 the upper floors were partially reconstructed. Today the building forms the passage to the Simon Oberdorfer- Platz behind it with the venue of the Regensburg Theater "Velodrom". House number 3, the Kneitinger brewery and restaurant , a three-storey building facing Arnulfsplatz. It was built in the 17th century and rebuilt several times in the 19th and 20th centuries. It is still the headquarters of the Kneitinger brewery.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Matthias Freitag: A short history of the city of Regensburg. Regensburg 2011, pp. 17-21
- ^ Peter Schmid (ed.): History of the city of Regensburg. Regensburg 2000, Volume 1, pp. 25-26, 32-34.
- ^ A b c Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 405-413 .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 875-879 .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 440 .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 311-313 .
- ^ Hubert Schmid: Preservation of the cityscape and monuments in Regensburg. Pp. 21-22.
- ^ Hubert Schmid: Preservation of the cityscape and monuments in Regensburg. Pp. 150-151
- ↑ Status report by the planning and construction consultant Schimpfermann on the redesign of Arnulfsplatz ( memento of the original from January 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Helmut-Eberhard Paulus, Regensburg building age plan , Volume VI, pp. 53–68.
- ↑ Richard Strobel, Baualtersplan zur Stadtsanierung Regensburg, Munich 1974, Volume II, pp. 36–37
- ↑ Helmut-Eberhard Paulus, Regensburg building age plan , Volume VI, pp. 53–68.
Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 11.4 " N , 12 ° 5 ′ 22.5" E