Haidplatz
| Haidplatz | |
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| Basic data | |
| place | regensburg |
| District | Downtown |
| Created | Middle Ages, 16th century |
| Newly designed | 20th century |
| Hist. Names | Heida |
| Confluent streets |
Ludwigstrasse, Neue-Waag-Gasse, Rote-Hahnen-Gasse, Glockengasse, Krebsgasse, Vor der Grieb |
| Buildings |
Thon-Dittmer-Palais , Neue Waag , Goldenes Kreuz , Justitiabrunnen , Arch |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic, bicycle traffic, public transport |
| Space design | Fountain, cobblestone |
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View from the east over Haidplatz (2017) and view from the west over Haidplatz (2014)
to the Arch (left), Goldenes Kreuz (right) and to Neue Waag and Thon-Dittmer-Palais (left) in the middle of the square with the Justistiabrunnen |
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Haidplatz northern and southern perimeter development (Bruderhaus No. 2)
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The Haidplatz is a square in the center of Regensburg's old town, continues the urban space result from carbon market and town square from east to west. The name of the square goes back to the Old High German name Heida for a piece of land overgrown with bushes that had formed west of the Roman legion camp Castra Regina . It has not been proven whether the square also served as a marketplace for the Roman civilian settlement at the time of the Roman legionary camp. It is certain that an arterial road from the legionary camp to the west ran through this square to the Großprüfening small fort 4 km away . From the Middle Ages onwards, this route developed over Haidplatz into a main artery from the Ostentor to the Ruozanburgtor in the west, with an exit to today's Arnulfsplatz .
The name Heida can also be traced back to the Middle Ages, which shows that the square was characterized by grass growth for a long time. In the Middle Ages and in the early modern period, the square gained prestigious importance as a place of residence and accommodation for high-ranking visitors and as a location for meetings, events and tournaments, such as B. the tournament of the Dollinger legend in the 10th century between Hans Dollinger and the heathen Krako
Towards the end of the 20th century, the square had degenerated into a car park after years of heavy bus and transit traffic. When the old town of Regensburg was opened to traffic , Haidplatz was redesigned from 1982 to 1985 and is now only accessible via three traffic-calmed streets and four pedestrian passages. Because of the low volume of traffic today, the many restaurants and cafes, the frequent public events and the impressive perimeter development with some medieval castles house with famous towers of Haidplatz today for locals and visitors has a high amenity value.
Development and use of the space
It is known that the area outside the Roman legionary camp in front of its western wall and in front of the western gate of the camp, in the catchment area of today's Rote Hahnen-Gasse and Hinter der Grieb up to the southern area of today's Haidplatz, was already populated and built up in late Roman times. Most recently, in 2009, archaeological test excavations in the vicinity of the confluence of Rote Hahnen-Gasse in Haidplatz in connection with older excavations in front of the confluence of the neighboring Krebsgasse provided evidence of a previously existing large Romanesque patrician palace from the 12th century, located in the middle of the Place. In the north the square was bounded by the east-west trade route running there, which after the construction of the Arnulfini city wall around 920 connected the Hallertor in the east with the Ruozan castle gate in the west. It was only the disappearance of the aforementioned Romanesque palace in the 16th century that gave Haidplatz its present-day shape and size.
In the Middle Ages knight tournaments were held on the square . B. in the year 1393 also 300 knights took part. According to legend, the tournament between the knight Dollinger and the heathen Krako should have taken place on the square . In the 14th century the square was a market place for vegetable wholesalers. In the late Middle Ages, the square was also used by residents. In 1455 a council decree forbade “keeping pigs in the houses and driving them to the Haid”, as it was apparently customary up to then. The course of a tributary of the Vitusbach, which flowed through the Rote Hahnengasse over the Haidplatz to the Arnulfsplatz and on to the Danube, certainly had an influence on the design and use of the square . The name “the Arch” for the ship-like corner house No. 4 is associated with a bank fortification for the Vitusbach.
As a successor to a wooden fountain from 1551, the baroque Justitiabrunnen was built in 1656 in the middle of the square . The figure of Justitia by the sculptor Leoprand Hilmer is from 1659, the iron grating dates from 1592. As early as 1654, demonstrations on Haidplatz on the occasion of a Reichstag attracted a great deal of attention. At that time Otto von Guericke demonstrated with the Magdeburg hemispheres to the public in the presence of Emperor Ferdinand III. and of many princes the spectacular effects of air pressure. In January 1673, the French surgeon and well-known, traveling ophthalmologist Charles Bernovin, who also wanted to impress people with his skills as a tightrope walker, received a similar amount of attention. He wanted to cross the Haidplatz on a wire rope, hung with fireworks, stretched from the tower of the Golden Cross to the pavement in front of the Neue Waag. The attempt failed, he fell on fire and died.
With the establishment of a grain market at the beginning of the 19th century, the commercial use of the square began. However, because of the accommodation in the Kaiserherberge in the Golden Cross, it always remained an attraction for visits by emperors and kings, such as As during the visits in 1863 by Emperor Franz Joseph I. and 1842 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria or 1865 at a ministerial conference with the Prussian King Wilhelm I . In the course of the 20th century, economic use was increasingly linked to transport use. As part of the spatially cramped east-west connection axis of the city, tram and later bus lines ran across Haidplatz. Towards the end of the 20th century, Haidplatz was a heavily frequented car park. From 1982 to 1985, Haidplatz was made traffic-free as part of the restoration of the historical sequence of squares in the old town and its appearance was drastically upgraded with a new type of paving. Today, cultural and public events, meetings and markets take place at Haidplatz, with the Christmas craft market and the Bavarian Jazz Weekend being particularly noteworthy.
Edge development of the square
The defining building at the north-western end of the square is the early Gothic patrician castle Goldenes Kreuz , built around 1250 , which was only given its present form in 1862. Before that, the house castle consisted of a crenellated tower with a western residential extension two storeys lower. To the west there was a residential building with a staggered gable bay window. During the renovation in 1862, the two unequal buildings adjoining the tower to the west were tied together to form a common front with battlements. Both residential buildings had several owners, including the Weltenburger family in the beginning, the Zeller family in the 15th century and the Thuner family in the 16th century. As early as the 16th century, the house with its crenellated tower and house chapel was an inn and served as an inn for numerous princes and emperors. The most famous guest was Emperor Charles V , who descended there in 1532, 1541 and 1546. During the last stay the 18-year-old Gürtler daughter Barbara Blomberg became the lover of the 46-year-old Kaiser. The relationship resulted in Don Juan d'Austria , who later victorious over the Turks in the naval battle of Lepanto . Even later, personalities such as King Ludwig I of Bavaria, the German Emperor Wilhelm I and Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria stayed at the Gasthof Zum Goldenen Kreuz . The building still serves as a hotel and café today.
To the east of the Golden Cross is the classical Thon-Dittmer-Palais . This building was built in two stages between 1781–1785 and 1808–1809 from two medieval house castles, which were grouped behind a classical facade by the Prince Archbishop of Dalberg's court architect Emanuel Herigoyen and which remained in the possession of the Thon-Dittmer family until 1856 . It then became the property of the City of Regensburg, which set up schools there and, from 1904 to 1975, a fire station with garages in the inner courtyard. In 1981, a complete renovation of the building and the inner courtyard was completed with the clearing and construction of the arcades. Today it houses the cultural department, adult education center, city library, German-American institute and the theater on Haidplatz. The Gothic Sigismund Chapel from 1270, which was uncovered in 1968, is located in the basement. In the Renaissance Arcade Courtyard, cultural events take place regularly. a. classical concerts and the Regensburg Silent Film Days.
The building that takes up the entire east side of the square is the Neue Waag . The former patrician house of the Altmann family was acquired by the city in 1441 and then housed the city scales and the "Herrenkrankstube". In 1541 the religious talk between Philipp Melanchthon and Johannes Eck took place in the Neue Waag . The arcades in the inner courtyard date back to 1575. In 1782, the classicist Napoleon Hall, extending over two floors, was built into the building and housed the city library until 1873. In 1940 the building came into the possession of the state of Bavaria and in 1944 it was one of the few buildings in the city center that was badly damaged by bombs. The building has been usable again since 1960 and is now the seat of the administrative court. The stone “town mouse” is located on the ground floor in the Gothic vault of the former house chapel on the Neue Waag-Gasse leading to the old town hall .
The south side of the square is dominated by the high Gothic house castle, called the Arch , which, with its narrow west facade reinforced by corner blocks, pushes itself between Haidplatz and Rote-Hahnen-Gasse like the bow of a ship. The name of the house could also indicate a necessary bank reinforcement, which was required here for the Vitusbach. The stream that came from the south and followed the course of Roten-Hahnen-Gasse reached Haidplatz, had to be diverted from here to the west to Arnulfsplatz , which made a fortified bank necessary. Otto Woller († 1377) and Stephan Notangst († 1427) are known as the earliest owners of the house castle Arch . In the 18th century the building was owned by the Gumpelzhaimer family.
To the east of the Arch is the so-called Bruderhaus , which extends south to Roten-Hahnen-Gasse. The building had also been in the possession of the wealthy citizen Stephan Notangst since 1419, who made it available to twelve old craftsmen as a place of residence. This foundation was the first step in the establishment of the Evangelical Brother House Foundation , which was created in 1444 through the merger with the Kastenmayer Foundation .
Buildings at Haidplatz
View from the north-east over Haidplatz to the Arch and Bruderhaus (left)
View to the southeast on Arch (right), Bruderhaus, Neue Waag
View from Haidplatz to Krebsgasse to the south
Haidplatz on the corner of Krebsgasse
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Werner Chrobak: The Thon Dittmer-Palais . In: City of Regensburg, Kulturreferat (Hrsg.): Kulturführer . tape 25 . City of Regensburg, Regensburg 2019, ISBN 978-3-943222-55-5 , p. 11 f .
- ^ A b c Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 294-300 .
- ↑ Silvia Codreanu-Windauer: Haidplatz, new archaeological findings on medieval buildings . In: City of Regensburg, Office for Archives and Preservation of Monuments (ed.): Preservation of monuments in Regensburg . tape 12 . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7917-2371-6 , pp. 164 f .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg, Art, Culture and Everyday History, p. 182, 6th edition MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl-Verlag, Regenstauf 2014
- ^ A b Karl Bauer: Regensburg, Art, Culture and Everyday History, p. 310, 6th edition MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl-Verlag, Regenstauf 2014
- ^ Jonas Doerfler: Streets and squares. The historical sequence of squares, cultural mile in a historical context . In: 40 years of urban development funding in Regensburg - a success story . City of Regensburg, Planning and Building Department, Office for Urban Development, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-935052-96-2 , p. 39 f .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 297-299 .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 303 f .
- ^ A b Sigfrid Färber: Regensburg, then, yesterday and today. The image of the city over the last 125 years . JF Steinkopf Verlag, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-7984-0588-3 , p. 59 ff., 62 .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg, Art, Culture and Everyday History, p. 195, p. 302f, 6th edition MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl-Verlag, Regenstauf 2014
Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 11 ″ N , 12 ° 5 ′ 35 ″ E