Dollinger legend

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Hall in the former Dollingerhaus, copper engraving 1729

The Dollinger saga is a Regensburg city saga that has been handed down in several versions.

action

The plot of the saga is moved to the 920s by chroniclers of the 16th and 17th centuries. A pagan knight , called Craco in some versions , scornfully challenges the Regensburg knighthood to battle. At first, King Heinrich I did not succeed in persuading a knight to accept the challenge. But finally the Regensburg citizen (Hans) Dollinger , who, according to the prose versions of the saga, was imprisoned at this time , found himself ready to fight in return for his release. Dollinger prays in the Niedermünster church at the grave of St. Erhard and goes to Haidplatz , where the tournament is to take place. Twice succeeds Craco , Dollinger to push out of the saddle. But when King Heinrich pressed a cross to the hero's lips, Dollinger managed to defeat the enemy on the third attempt.

Historical background

According to two authors, the results of which are controversial, the Dollinger saga is one of the oldest city sagas in Germany, but the written tradition does not begin until the 16th century, so that not all changes in the course of its origins can be traced. As a historical background they offer the Hungarian invasions of the 10th century and especially the battle on the Lechfeld in 955, since the attacker Craco was originally a Hun . In later traditions he was reinterpreted as a Turk , which was plausible in view of the then current threat to the West from the Turkish wars .

The tradition

Holy Oswald

Pictorial sculptures in the Dollinger Hall

The earliest surviving version of the Dollinger saga was made around 1290 in the form of sculptures . These sculptures adorned a ballroom in the three-story house of the patrician family Dollinger , an aristocratic family that came from Dolling near Ingolstadt and had settled in Regensburg on Rathausplatz opposite the old town hall . The ballroom of the house, which was built between 1280 and 1320 and was described in 1494 in a house inventory of the then owner with the sculptures there, was a special attraction in Regensburg. This "Dollinger Hall" extended over two floors and, like the house chapels in the patrician houses, was closed with a ribbed vault. The “Dollinger Hall” opened onto the town hall square as an arbor-like loggia with an unobstructed view of the sculptures, a situation that the house owner describes in the house inventory in 1494 as an arbor with the big horses in it. The three sculptures in the Dollinger Hall, created shortly before 1300, are of great importance in terms of art history. The tournament scene shows both fighters on horseback in lively motion. Shown is the moment when Dollinger, fighting without a shield, hits the shield-armored Crako on the head with his lance and lifts him out of the saddle. The second scene shows the East Franconian King Heinrich I as a graceful youthful figure riding on horseback, looking at the viewer and with a hunting falcon on his left hand. The third larger-than-life figure represents the Holy King Oswald, who was venerated at the time. He acted as the patron saint, depicted with a crown with four trees of life, in his left hand a goblet on which a raven once sat with a ring in its beak. The right hand originally held a scepter. In the Renaissance period, written entries were added to the sculptures to explain the scenes.

The Dollingerhaus was demolished in 1889 despite objections from many citizens. The two original sculptures, the stucco reliefs of the tournament match and King Heinrich I, which are inextricably linked to the wall, were destroyed during the demolition, but plaster casts had been made. The head of the king and that of his horse, as well as the whole figure of Saint Oswald, were preserved. After the Dollingerhaus was demolished, a replica of the “Dollinger Hall” with plaster casts of the sculptures and the preserved relief and architectural parts was created in the newly built Erhardihaus in Kalmünzergasse. The Erhardihaus was bombed in World War II and was demolished after the war (photo in the web link). The replica “Dollinger Hall” with the plaster casts remained undamaged. In 1964 it was relocated as the newly built "Dollinger Hall " to an extension of the Old Town Hall in Regensburg (photos in the web link).

The Dollingerlied

The oldest tradition of the Regensburg Dollinger Lied in the handwriting of Hieronymus Streitel, Vienna ÖNB Cod. 3301, p. 193

A rhymed version of the Dollinger saga has been in writing since the 16th century. It has come down to us in three different versions:

  • In a collective manuscript of the Augustinian hermit Hieronymus Streitel from Regensburg , created between 1510 and 1519 ( Austrian National Library Vienna, Cod. Vindob. 3301, f. 193 ra –193 rb ) . The historian Wiguläus Hundt also follows this version of the text in his presentation of the history of the Dollinger family.
  • The best-known version can be found for the first time on folding boards in the Regensburg Dollinger Hall (today in the Historical Museum of the City of Regensburg ), written around 1552. This best-known text version was written in a modernized way by Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano under the title The Dollinger in the first volume of Collection Des Knaben Wunderhorn (1806) included and was thus widely distributed. The source for the Wunderhorn version was the Chronicle of Johann Carl Paricius (1753); However, due to a confusion of sources, the Wunderhorn gives the year 1723. Even Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching printed text from the 1816th
  • The prince-bishop's chronicler Johann Sigismund Brechtel (* around 1575; † after 1637) contains, in addition to the version from 1552, a notable variant of the Dollinger song in which Craco is no longer referred to as a Turk but for the first time as a Hunne and is named Craco .

The Dollinger saga in historical chronicles

Dollinger saga and song can be found in most Regensburg chronicles from the late 16th century onwards. Apart from the aforementioned Johann Sigismund Brechtel, who in his chronicle presents the Dollinger saga in three versions (two rhymed and one prose version ), prose versions predominate in later representations. Important text witnesses come from a. by the chroniclers Johann Ludwig Gottfried (1642), Johann Carl Paricius (1753) and Joseph Rudolph Schuegraf (1846).

Modern edits

The Dollingerlied

Tradition of the version on the right sheet of the folding panel, dated 1552.

It rait a Türck from Türckhen Lanndt
He rait towards the rain trail in the stat
Because stinging was from stinging was in the wolbekhant.

Since he raises for the Kayser thuer
Is no one to the kumb herfuer
The sting Well vmb body vmb soul vmb good vmb honor
vnnd that the devil the soul who.

The engravers
warned that they were all concealing, kainer wolt the Türckhen not oblige
the laid-back man
to be so offensive.

Then the Kayser said angrily
how is my hope so blasphemous
have I khain man
Der Stechen khan
vmb body vmb soul vmb good vmb honor
vnd the vnserm herrn die seel who.

Then the Dollinger jumped for
wol vmb wol vmb I have to go
to the laid-back man
who khan so offensive.

The first
one
regretted that they thet there. They put sharp spears against each other. That aing
went the other went there.
Then the Türck stabbed the Dollinger off
that he was lying on his back.

O Jhesu Christ stand me now by
you put me two are Your three
Am I alone and for my soul in the eternally heavenly kingdom.

The Kayser rides to the Dollinger so nimbly
he puts a cross in his henndt
He stroked the Dollinger's mouth.
The Dollinger jumped up was fresh and healthy.

The other ride that they were doing
there the Dollinger stabbed the Türckhen
That he was lying on the back hen.

You devastated devil now stand in the bey
are your three I am allain,
and for his soul in the bitter light Beyn.

literature

  • Karl Bauer : Regensburg: Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ BuchVerlag, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , Dollingersage p. 400
  • Emmi Böck (Ed.): Regensburger Stadtsagen. Legends and Miracles. Pustet, Regensburg 1982, ISBN 3-7917-0694-2
  • Josef Dünninger: St. Erhard and the Dollinger saga. To the problem of historical legend. In: Bavarian Yearbook for Folklore 1953. Institute for Folklore, Munich 1953
  • Graeme Dunphy: The Turk in the Regensburg enemy image. The late medieval Dollingerlied . In: Little Regensburg literary history. Regensburg 2014, pp. 115–121 ISBN 978-3-7917-2570-3
  • Ludwig Erk , Franz Magnus Böhme (Hrsg.): Deutscher Liederhort . 1st volume. Breitkopf and Härtel, Leipzig 1893, pp. 98-99 ( digitized version ).
  • Karl Heinz Göller , Herbert W. Wurster : The Regensburger Dollingerlied. Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Regensburg 1980, ISBN 3-921114-07-1 ( online )
  • Otto Holzapfel : A German folk ballad from Bavaria with a Turkish theme and its relationship to history. In: Diyalog. Interkulturelle Zeitschrift für Germanistik, 2014/1, ISSN  2148-1482 , pp. 19–29, urn : nbn: de: hebis: 30: 3-375406 .
  • Eginhard König, Martina Forster (ed.): Regensburger songbook. A city history in notes. Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Regensburg 1989, ISBN 3-921114-82-9
  • Juliane Korelski: Regensburg sagas and legends. Audio book. John Media, Schwaig near Nuremberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-9811250-9-2 .
  • Carl Woldemar Neumann: The Dollinger saga. Reitmayr, Regensburg 1862 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  • Frieder Schanze: Regensburger Dollingerlied. In: Kurt Ruh ua (Ed.): The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon . 2nd, completely revised edition, Volume 7: 'Oberdeutscher Servatius' - Reuchart von Salzburg. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1989, ISBN 3-11-011582-4 , Sp. 1094-1095.

Web links

Commons : Dollingersage  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. As a photo of the house before the demolition (photo in the web link) shows, the open loggia was only partially preserved at that time

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Heinz Göller , Herbert W. Wurster: The Regensburger Dollingerlied. Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Regensburg 1980, ISBN 3-921114-07-1 , p. 11.
  2. Review by Frieder Schanze, Anzeiger für deutsches Altertum 95, 1984, pp. 25–29.
  3. ^ Karl Heinz Göller, Herbert W. Wurster: The Regensburger Dollingerlied. Mittelbayerische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Regensburg 1980, ISBN 3-921114-07-1 , p. 9.
  4. ^ A b Karl Bauer : Regensburg: Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ Buchverlag, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , pp. 288–290.
  5. Raffael Parzefall: Coal market square, Rathausplatz, Haidplatz, Arnulfsplatz, Bismarckplatz. In: Bernhard Lübbers , Staatliche Bibliothek Regensburg (Ed.): Years of the silent change, Regensburg around 1910. Volume 3. Universitätsverlag Regensburg, Regensburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-86845-069-9 , pp. 103-126.
  6. ^ Copy around 1600 in Munich, State Library, Clm 167: Digitalisat MDZ .
  7. Achim von Arnim, Clemens Brentano (ed.): Des Knaben Wunderhorn. Old German songs . Volume 1. Mohr and Zimmer, Heidelberg 1806, p. 36 f. (First edition: digitized and full text in the German text archive ).
  8. a b The very latest and proven news of that of salvation. Rom. Reichs Freyen Stadt Regensburg: together with all merchandise which concerns the old and new state of the same in political and church matters [...] edited and published by Johann Carl Paricio Not. et arithmet. there. Regensburg 1753, pp. 226–230 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  9. Heinz Rölleke (Ed.): Des Knaben Wunderhorn. Readings and explanations (= Frankfurt Brentano edition. Volume 9.1). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-17-002282-2 , pp. 107-109.
  10. ^ Johann Gustav Büsching (ed.): Weekly news for friends of history, art and knowledge of the Middle Ages. Volume 1. Holäufer, Breslau 1816, pp. 153-159; 193–200 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  11. ^ A b Karl Bauer : Regensburg: Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ Buchverlag, Regensburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 295.
  12. Emanuel Schikaneder: Hanns Dollinger, or the secret blood court. Play. In: All theatrical works. Volume 1. Doll, Vienna 1792 ( digitized in the Google book search).
  13. ^ Sigfrid Färber: Dollinger and Krako. A Bavarian legend from Regensburg. Festival for Wörth Castle on the Danube. Regensburg 1954, OCLC 632815319 .
  14. ^ Johanna Brade (ed.): Dollinger: the book for the game. Book publisher of the Mittelbayerische Zeitung, Regensburg 1995, ISBN 3-927529-69-9 .
  15. ^ Ritter Dollinger fought in the castle , Mittelbayerische Zeitung, May 30, 2017, accessed on January 19, 2018