Bismarckplatz (Regensburg)
| Bismarckplatz | |
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| Basic data | |
| place | regensburg |
| District | Downtown |
| Created | 1803 |
| Newly designed | 1980/81 (construction of the underground car park) |
| Confluent streets |
Scots Road, Gesandtenstraße, Three Moors Road, Beraiterweg, Lothgäßchen |
| Buildings |
Regensburg Theater , Presidential Palace , Hereditary Prince Palace, Württemberg Legation, Regensburg Seminary , underground car park |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic, bicycle traffic, public transport, road traffic |
| Space design | Fountain with seating |
The Bismarckplatz ( ), since 1885 after Chancellor Otto von Bismarck named, is located in the west of Regensburg's old town south of the Theater Regensburg . The square was only created in 1803 from a large forerunner square after the builder Emanuel Herigoyen had completed the new building of a theater and society building on behalf of Prince Primate Dalberg . The theater building, then known as the “New House”, divided the previously existing large forerunner square, which was formed together with today's Arnulfsplatz , and two squares were created. Today there is only one traffic road to the west of Bismarckplatz with access to the underground car park that was built in 1982, the exit of which is also off the square. Three traffic-calmed entrances to the old town and two pedestrian passages lead into the square. With a relatively low traffic load, the weekly market, two large, partly tree-lined fountains, an impressive perimeter development and restaurants, the square has a high quality of stay for pedestrians and visitors.
Development of the large forerunner square and the peripheral buildings by 1803
For the early development of the precursor square in Roman times, see Arnulfsplatz
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The large precursor square that emerged in Roman times has been preserved for several centuries. After the Arnulfini city wall was built around 920 , the large square lay to the west outside this wall. The Arnulfinische city wall began on the Danube, followed the course of today's streets Weißgerbergraben and Drei-Mohren-Strasse ( Merianstich No. 14-15 ), between which the old east-west trade route was crossed, and ran on the eastern edge of the large square . At the southern end of Drei-Mohren-Strasse, the municipal armory ( Merian engraving no. 15 ) was built in the Middle Ages around 1280 , which was demolished in 1803 for the construction of the theater. At that time there was no city gate that followed an east-west street and led to what is now Bismarckplatz, because the Gesänderstrasse did not yet exist. It was different at the Ruozan castle gate , only a little to the north , which was called "New Clock" from 1500 because of its clock tower ( Merian engraving no. 14 ). This gate secured the entrance to the inner-city east-west trade route on today's Arnulfsplatz, which led out of the city again at the Ostentor . The Arnulf's city walls followed south to the course of today's road Beraiterweg ( Merian stab at no. 19 ) and then went further south on the Ägidienplatz to the monastery of St. Emmeram ( Merian stitch no. 27, .)
From 1090 to 1180 the former Schottenkloster, the abbey of the Benedictines of St. Jakob ( Merian engraving no. 18 ) with the Schotten portal was built to the west of the large square outside the Arnulfini city wall . The associated monastery buildings and thus the entire large square were only enclosed in the south and west by the medieval city wall built around 1320 after the city was expanded around 1320 and the Arnulfini city wall was demolished and incorporated into the city area. The buildings of the Schottenkloster formed the western boundary of the large square and still dominate the western flank of Bismarckplatz. The Episcopal Seminary of the Diocese of Regensburg is housed in these buildings .
Mid-13th century was built on the western edge of the city, still within the Arnulfinischen wall that mendicant the Dominicans , the Dominican Church of St. Blaise with the associated buildings of the monastery buildings to the south Ägidienplatz border. The west portal of this large three-aisled Gothic basilica faces Bismarckplatz, but is clearly set back from the front of the other buildings and is therefore not conspicuous.
In 1358, a mang house for cloth makers, linen weavers, bleachers and dyers was built on the southern part of the large square, which later became Bismarckplatz, at the location of today's presidential palace (music school) . The Manghaus had to give way to a municipal granary in 1568, which gave way to the building of the palace for the French ambassador in 1805.
Since hay played an increasing role as feed for horses in the city, a hay store house and a hay scale ( Merian engraving without number, but with a typical shape) were built on the square in 1607 . Due to its complicated mechanics, the scale could only be manufactured in Nuremberg and was renewed in 1690. It was a tower-like three-storey building with a bricked ground floor and two wooden upper storeys, in which at the top the weighing machine was housed with a balance beam protruding from the building. The Libra building stood on the large square opposite the confluence of today's Gesänderstrasse. When the Principality of Dalberg was established in Regensburg at the beginning of the 19th century , both buildings were demolished due to the rebuilding of the square planned by Dalberg and the balance was relocated to the nearby house at Kreuzgasse No. 1. The name of the large square as the square near Heuwaag, which was created after the construction of the scale, lasted until 1837.
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Drei-Mohren-Straße-Bismarckplatz (2012) courtyard gate and building of the Erbprinzenpalais, formerly Prüfiger Hof
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Even before the beginning of the Perpetual Reichstag, some of the town houses with Romanesque substance that were built on the edge of the large square were already important as quarters for embassies, envoys and princely visitors. For the area of what will later become Bismarckplatz, house No. 9, a four-wing complex on the corner of Gesandersstrasse, is important. On the occasion of the Reichstag in 1541, an evangelical service is said to have been held for the first time in the presence of Elector Joachim von Brandenburg one year before the city converted to Luther's teaching. Emperor Ferdinand I and the Elector of Trier stayed there in 1556 and 1594 . In the 17th century the house was redesigned in baroque style and in 1716 it housed the electoral Hanoverian and from 1742 the ducal Württemberg embassy, after which the house is still called today.
In 1701, the abbot ofChecking Monastery had the palace-like, baroque four-wing complex, known asCheckinger Hof, built on the north-east side of Bismarckplatz at the entrance to Gesänderstrasse. The building was used as a dorm and guest house for visitors to the monastery. In the 19th century the building came into the possession of the House of Thurn und Taxis, became the residence of the family of Hereditary Prince Maximilian Anton von Thurn und Taxis and was named the Erbprinzenpalais. In the 20th century until around 1980 the building was the seat of the Thurn-und-Taxis-Bank.
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French legation, later presidential palace (2005); City Theater (2010)
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Creation of Bismarckplatz, development and use after 1803
In 1803, after the armory was demolished, the two new buildings created by the builder Dalbergs Herigoyen , the presidential palace, then the residence of the French ambassador, and the theater were built. These two buildings first brought classicism in its purest form into the medieval cityscape of Regensburg. The division of the large overall square caused by the construction of the theater led to the name Oberer Jacobshof for the larger of the two new squares south of the theater and only in 1885 to the current name Bismarckplatz. This square is still characterized today by these two buildings and, in the south, especially by the elevated portico of the building of the former French embassy, which later became the presidential palace. The rest of the high-quality peripheral development - recorded in the list of architectural monuments - with the community house No. 5 (former Jacob's pharmacy), the palais-like baroque four-wing complex of the formerCheckingen hostel No. 8 and the building of the former Württemberg embassy No. 9 contribute significantly to the impressive design of the place.
Transport links to Bismarckplatz
Until the demolition of the medieval city wall after 1863, Bismarckplatz was poorly connected to the urban areas and suburbs to the south via Beraiterweg and Agidienplatz. Immediately south of Bismarckplatz, the city wall and moat ran in an east-west direction from the Jacobstor over the Wiesmeierweg to the Aegidienturm. The wall and moat blocked direct access to the tree-lined Fürstenallee, which was built in 1781 and where summer houses and villas had been built, such as B. the Dörnbergpalais completed in 1806 . This is where the Landstrasse coming from Munich and Augsburg ended, today's Kumpfmühler and Augsburger Strasse, and this is where the first sugar factory was built in 1838, which was shut down in 1888 and replaced by the current justice building. The breakthrough through the city wall and the filling of the trench were therefore urgently required, but were only allowed in 1863 and then carried out immediately. The connection of Bismarckplatz to the Landstrasse coming from Augsburg was accomplished with the only 150 m long Schottenstrasse. The newly created street coincided with the ancient Roman military road to Augsburg, the via Augustana, which was lined with extensive Roman burial fields as far as the suburb of Kumpfmühl . These grave sites were excavated from 1871 to 1873.
Development and use of Bismarckplatz after 1900
In preparation for the construction of an underground car park in 1981/82, extensive archaeological excavations were carried out on Bismarckplatz in 1976/77, to which the well system and the entire old tree population fell victim. The excavations were carried out in an area west of the Arnulfinian city wall, which was preceded by two 8 m wide trenches. The excavations yielded valuable information about Roman settlements with wooden buildings, stone houses, sidewalks, columned halls, a lime kiln, kiln and smokehouse, which had developed west of the Roman fort and belonged to different periods. The discovery of a bronze plaque with the military diploma of the Roman auxiliary soldier Marcus Ulpius Fronto from 113 AD was very significant, with which he was granted Roman citizenship. The discovery of a ritual horse burial site from the 6th century with four horse skeletons and ornamental fittings in Germanic animal style made of gilded bronze caused a stir. These finds must belong to the grave of a noble person, whose grave site was not discovered.
Since 1982, Bismarckplatz has been a popular venue for the Regensburg Jazzweekend.
In 2010 the building of the presidential palace was bought by the city of Regensburg. After the renovation, there is the House of Music with a singing and music school for children and a youth theater.
After the underground car park was built in 1982, the side trees in plant troughs, which were redesigned, turned out to be unsustainable. In spring 2019, all trees had to be removed in order to allow a new tree population with a new type of plant trough and irrigation system.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 405-413 .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 329 .
- ^ A b c d Karl Bauer: Regensburg art, culture and everyday history . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 414-422 .
- ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 594-598 .
- ↑ http://www.mittelbayerische.de/index.cfm?pid=10071&pk=558220&p=1
- ↑ [1] of February 16, 2019, accessed on February 17, 2019.
Coordinates: 49 ° 1 ′ 7.9 ″ N , 12 ° 5 ′ 22.6 ″ E