Max Schultze (artist)

Max Schultze

Max Schultze (born May 4, 1845 in Partenkirchen ; † September 5, 1926 there ) was a German architect , painter , photographer and active conservationist, mainly working in the Regensburg area, where he was commissioned by the Princes of Thurn and Taxis to build the new castle planned.

Life

Max Schultze's father and grandfather were Bavaria's highest forest officials. His mother was Baur Baroness von Heppenstein. On his mother's side, his great-grandfather Johann Jakob Dorner and his son, Max Schultze's great-uncle Johann Jakob Dorner the Younger, were a painter, the latter being a member of the “Munich School”, one of the founders of Bavarian landscape painting. Max Schultze couldn't make a living from his dream job as a painter and therefore studied architecture and engineering. In the two wars of 1866 and 1870/1871 he took part as a lieutenant. He gained his first professional experience from 1868 in surveying and exploring the terrain for the construction of the Gemünden - Ulm and Schweinfurt - Meiningen railway lines between 1868 and 1872.

Thurn and Taxis Castle, Regensburg (inner courtyard)

On May 1, 1872, Max Schultze entered the service of Prince Maximilian Maria von Thurn und Taxis in Regensburg as a building inspector . Supported by the Hereditary Prince's widow Helene (1834–90), from 1874 he was the sole architect responsible for the Princely House. In addition to the structural work, he was also responsible for the interior design of the prince's palaces. In July 1882 Max Schultze began his masterpiece: planning and building the south wing of the princely St. Emmeram Palace in Regensburg. The builder was Prince Maximilian Maria von Thurn und Taxis and, after his death in 1885, Prince Albert von Thurn und Taxis . His importance as a court architect was evident from the fact that he was not directly subordinate to the court marshal's office , but to the prince. In 1890 Max Schultze designed a jewelery box, a wedding present from the Prince to his bride Archduchess Margarethe Klementine of Austria on July 16 of the same year, a major work of the Regensburg goldsmith's art of historicism . The jewelry box was sold by the Princely House to the Bavarian National Museum in 1992 . The coffin of Prince Maximilian Maria von Thurn und Taxis in the princely crypt in the monastery of Sankt Emmeram was also designed by Max Schultze. Princess Margarete was a talented artist and in 1908 created a relief portrait of Max Schultze, which she had attached to the tower of the south wing when it was completed.

Max Schultze was the bearer of the Kgl. Sicilian Order Francis I, awarded to him by the exiled King Francis II of Sicily and Naples , a brother-in-law of the Hereditary Prince-widow Helene. For him he planned the new part of Garatshausen Castle on Lake Starnberg.

From June 1884 the Bavarian King Ludwig II used Schultze's services. Schultze was supposed to plan Falkenstein Castle near Pfronten , and the new facility to be built should surpass its predecessor Neuschwanstein Castle . With three employees, Max Schultze created several plans, several oil paintings with interior views of the future royal bedroom and throne room and a model of the Byzantine-style royal castle. The latter is now in the Ludwig II Museum in Herrenchiemsee Palace . Since the king's chronic lack of money kept preventing the start of construction and nothing could be built apart from an access road and a water pipe up to the Falkenstein, Max Schultze said goodbye to the project in September 1885. He received 12,000 marks as a fee.

Helenentor, southwest of Thurn und Taxis Castle

From 1891 to 1896 Schultze was responsible for the construction of the Hohenzollern Palace on Prinzregentenstrasse in Munich on behalf of the princely sister and her Prussian husband. Today the palace belongs to Russia and, after internal renovations, has been its consulate in Bavaria since 2008. Schloss Haimhausen renovated Schultze in an exemplary manner, taking into account the protection of historical monuments .

From 1891 to 1898, Max Schultze in Regensburg carried out the modernization of the entire princely palace of Thurn und Taxis and the exterior style adaptation of the eastern wing of the palace to the overall appearance. In Regensburg, Schultze also planned the construction of several bourgeois mansions, residential houses and the construction of the Helenentor .

Max Schultze was very close to nature throughout his life. He captured his favorite holiday destination South Tyrol in many oil paintings. He drew the area around Partenkirchen as well as that of Regensburg. In hundreds of photographs he captured the beauty of nature around Regensburg as well as the architecture of the Upper Palatinate villages and markets. In 1906 he bought a more than 1 km long and up to 300 m wide Danube bank strip upstream from Regensburg and asked the Regensburg section of the Bavarian Forest Association to look after it. When Max Schultze left Regensburg in 1912 to return to his birthplace Partenkirchen, he gave the city of Regensburg the riverside area with its striking rock towers and wastelands to protect it as a nature reserve, the first of its kind in Bavaria. This nature reserve, now used as a recreational area by Regensburg citizens, bears the name Max-Schultze-Steig . Max Schultze was a member of the Regensburg section of the DuÖAV from around 1870 and its board of directors from 1883 to 1905. He was also an honorary member of the Bavarian Forest Association, Regensburg section.

After serving 40 years with the Princes of Thurn and Taxis, he retired in August 1912. His successor was Carl Schad . In his retirement home "Villa Heimat", which he built himself in Partenkirchen, he built a studio and successfully sold oil paintings and watercolors. The Bavarian royal family acquired the painting “Landscape on the Naab” from him. In Partenkirchen, his birthplace, Max Schultze died on September 5, 1926 in his villa. His estate was on 16./17. Auctioned in Munich on November of the same year. His heirs sold the villa, which has been preserved to this day, in 1951.

Buildings

• St. Emmeram Palace - south wing, planning, client: Prince Maximilian Maria von Thurn und Taxis, Regensburg, 1882–1888 and 1891
• Residential house, Dech Bettener Strasse 5 in Regensburg, planning, building owner and residents: Max Schultze, around 1883
• Falkenstein Castle, Falkenstein near Pfronten, planning, client: King Ludwig II , 1884–1885
• Thiergarten hunting lodge and Aschenbrennermarter hunting lodge, near Donaustauf, planning, client: Prince Albert von Thurn und Taxis, 1885
• Garatshausen Castle , modernization, client: Margarete, Archduchess of Austria and wife of Prince Albert I von Thurn und Taxis , around 1886
• Commercial building, Watmarkt 9 in Regensburg, planning, client: Leixl, 1887
• Regensburger Hütte , Grödnertal (Italy), planning, client: German Alpine Association, Regensburg Section, 1888, extensions in 1897, 1899, 1905 and 1908. From construction to 1904, Max Schultze was entered in the land register as the owner of the hut.
• Commercial building, Rathausplatz 3 in Regensburg, planning, 1890
• St. Emmeram Castle - east wing, exterior style adaptation, planning, client: Prince Albert von Thurn und Taxis, 1891
• St. Emmeram Castle - total modernization, client: Prince Albert I von Thurn und Taxis, 1891–1898
• Palais Hohenzollern, Maria-Theresia-Straße 17 in Munich, planning, client: Princess Luisa von Thurn und Taxis, 1891–1896
• Haimhausen Castle, Haimhausen, conversion planning, client: Eduard James Haniel , 1893–1895
• Villa Popp, Weißenburgstrasse 17 in Regensburg, planning for client: August Popp 1890/91
• Residential house, Sternbergstrasse / Luitpoldstrasse in Regensburg, planning for liqueur manufacturer Carl Mayer, 1894/95
• Commercial building, Ludwigstrasse 6 in Regensburg, facade renovation, draft for the Regensburg Commercial Association, 1897
• Stadttheater Regensburg , Bismarckplatz in Regensburg, modernization, client: City of Regensburg, 1898
• Prostylos, Castle Prüfing in Regensburg; Restoration of the temple in the palace gardens, client: Prince Albert von Thurn und Taxis, 1900
• Princely Court Marshal's Office, Helenenstrasse and Waffnergasse, client: Prince Albert I. von Thurn und Taxis, 1904–1909
• Memorial to the fallen of the 11th Von der Tann Infantry Regiment, Ostpark (Landshuter Straße 59), planning for the client: Officer Corps of the 11th Von der Tann Infantry Regiment, 1905
• Helenenbrücke and Helenentor , Helenenstraße in Regensburg, planning, client: Prince Albert von Thurn und Taxis, 1907
• Upper Palatinate District Exhibition - exhibition halls, city park in Regensburg, planning with Adolf Schmetzer , 1910
• Villa Heimat, Dreitorspitzstraße 17 in (Garmisch-) Partenkirchen, planning, client: Max Schultze, 1912
• Ostheim Palace, Regensburg, client: Prince Albert von Thurn und Taxis. Built in 1912 for unmarried sugar factory workers, 1914–18 hospital for the wounded

Fonts

• The panorama of the Zugspitze. Alpine sketchbook. Views from the German and Austrian Alps. At the same time template sheets for landscape drawing. (Article with 50 lithographs) 1888.
• Prince Albert I. von Thurn and Taxis (ed.): Princely Palace, south wing. Blueprints. 2 volumes, Regensburg 1893/1894.
• Off to the Regensburger Hut! Festschrift for the 25th anniversary of the Regensburg section of the German and Austrian Alpine Club. Regensburg 1895.
• About local construction in the Upper Palatinate. Oberpfalz-Verlag, Kallmünz 1911.
• From the Zugspitze. In: Our Fatherland , 1st year 1925, pp. 172–175.

Artistic work (selection)

• Weg in Partenkirchen, pencil drawing, 1879
• Tree sketch (draft 01), pencil drawing, ~ 1879
• Parthie in the Faukenschlucht, lithograph by Max Schultze, 1886; Owner: Werdenfelser Museum, Garmisch-Partenkirchen
• On the Gulf of Rapallo, watercolor, (Opf. District exhibition Regensburg 1910)
• The market square in Verona, watercolor, (Opf. District exhibition Regensburg 1910)
• View from the Regensburger Hütte to the Langkofel, oil painting, (Opf. District Exhibition Regensburg 1910)
• Landscape on the Naab, oil painting, 1918
• Helfenberg, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Parsberg Castle, pen drawing for article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)” ¹
• Weiler Uttenhof an der Schwarzen Laber, pen drawing for article in “The Upper Palatinate (1920)” ¹
• Schwarze Laber above Beratzhausen, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• The Neumühle above Beratzhausen, pen drawing for an article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)” ¹
• Fortified cemetery of Oberweiling, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Parsberg, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Lupburg, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• At Beratzhausen, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Die Laber bei Beilnstein, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• The Mausermühle, pen drawing for article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)” ¹
• Die Gleiselmühle, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• The Schafbruckmühle, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• At the paper mill (above the Laber market), pen drawing for an article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Mühle in Laber, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Church in Laber, pen drawing for article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)” ¹
• Gasse in Laber (I), pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• House in Laber, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Gasse in Laber (II), pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Gasse in Laber (III), pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Architectural motif from Laber (I), pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Architectural motif from Laber (II), pen drawing for article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)” ¹
• Architectural motif from Laber (III), pen drawing for article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)” ¹
• Architectural motif from Laber (IV), pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Burgruine Laber, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Group of houses at the ruins of Laber, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• On the Laber below the market, pen drawing for an article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)” ¹
• Spitalmühle bei Laber, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Rock wall below Laber, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• The Türkelmühle, pen drawing for an article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)” ¹
• In the courtyard of the Türkelmühle, pen drawing for an article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)” ¹
• In Labertal near Deuerling, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• View of Deuerling, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• At the church in Deuerling, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Die Schwarze Laber near Eichhofen, pen drawing for article in “Die Oberpfalz (1920)“ ¹
• Ruin of the Felsenburg Loch, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Felsenwelt Schönhofens (I), pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Felsenwelt Schönhofens (II) (with a thank you cross), pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Felsenwelt Schönhofens (III), pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Motif from Schönhofen, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Weiler Hardt, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Bergmatting near Sinzing, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Sinzing, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• The Danube, view of Sinzing (in front of the village the mouth of the Schwarzen Laber. In the foreground on the left the rock group "Schwalbennest"), pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Sinzinger Danube ferry, pen drawing for article in "Die Oberpfalz (1920)" ¹
• Eibsee and Zugspitze, watercolor, 1921;
• Outdoor festival service in front of St. Anton in Partenkirchen, watercolor, 1922

and

• 200 photographs from nature around Regensburg
• 400 photo plates from nature around Regensburg
• 200 slides from nature around Regensburg

Honors

• 1912 A strip of banks on the Danube is officially named Max Schultze Steig .
• 2005 In the nature reserve Max Schultze Steig a cave is named after Max Schultze.
• 2020 In Regensburg on 6./7. March a symposium was held in honor of Max Schultze.
• 2021 As part of the symposium, an exhibition on Max Schultze as an architect, painter and conservationist will take place over a period of several months.

literature

• Schultze, Max . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 30 : Scheffel – Siemerding . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1936, p. 336 .
• Karl Bauer: Regensburg. Art, culture and moral history. Mittelbayerische Druckerei- und Verlags-Gesellschaft mbH, Regensburg 1988.
• Wolfgang Baumann: Max Schultze, architect, artist and alpinist (1845–1926). For 150 birthday. In: Die Oberpfalz , year 1995, issue 3.
• Bavarian State Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection (Ed.): Underbody protection? Protection rock Pentling. (= Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes , No. 56.) Munich 2005.
• Bavarian Administration of State Palaces, Gardens and Lakes (Ed.): King Ludwig II. Museum Herrenchiemsee. (Catalog) Hirmer Verlag, Munich 2006.
• Official Gazette of the Stadtamhof District Office , No. 9098 of February 12, 1921 (regarding the nature reserve near Regensburg, Regensburg Botanical Society)
• Franz Bogner: In the valley of the black Laber. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 1999.
• Werner Dechent: The karst phenomena of the Max Schultze Steig nature reserve . Regensburg 2008.
• Deutscher Alpenverein eV, archive, Munich 2006
• Annual report of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Upper Palatinate and Regensburg for the year 1897. Printed by the National Publishing House (formerly GJ Manz), Regensburg undated (1898), p. 178.
• JB Laßleben: waves and meadows. Michael Laßleben Publishing House, Kallmünz 1924.
• Rolf Linnenkamp: The castles and projects of Ludwig II. (= Heyne Stilkunde ) Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1977.
• Bernd Mayer, Franz Hiltl, Paul Eickhoff: Regensburg in old views. European Library, Zaltbommel (NL) 1980.
• Museum of King Ludwig II Falkenstein Castle. (Catalog) Munich 1977.
• Carl Schad : Max Schultze. A bouquet on the seventy-year-old's table . In: Die Oberpfalz 9, 1915, pp. 91–96.
• Adina Christine Rösch: the castle of King Ludwig II on the Falkenstein , Deutsche Burgenvereinigung e. V., Braubach 2016, pp. 24–114
• Carl Schad: Max Schultze, princely Thurn and Taxis senior building officer . In: Regensburger Anzeiger 1925. No. 99.
• Peter Schmidt (ed.): History of the city of Regensburg. 2 volumes, Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg o. J., p.?.
• Annemarie Schröppel, Adolf Schröppel, Manfred Einsiedler: The fairy tale king's last dream. Falkenstein Castle. Eberle Verlag, Pfronten 1985.
• Nature reserve near Regensburg. In: Regensburger Wochenblatt. Official Gazette of the City of Regensburg , No. 6 of February 26, 1921.
• Ordinance on the "Max-Schultze-Steig nature reserve" in the Regensburg district and in the Pentling community, Regensburg district. In: Regensburger Wochenblatt. Official Journal of the City of Regensburg , No. 19 of July 6, 1939.
• Forest Association Section Regensburg e. V. (Ed.): Hiking guide in the area around Regensburg. Regensburg 1983.
• Anton Wiener among others: The artistic staff of the "Upper Palatinate" at the district exhibition. In: Die Oberpfalz , 4th year 1910, pp. 199–204, especially p. 201 f.

swell

• Notary's office Friedrich Weiler, copy business. Reg.No. 2653 Land assignment contract, Regensburg, December 18, 1912 (in the Regensburg City Archives)
• Notary's office Hippler, copy business. Reg. No. 1676, sales contract; Stadt am Hof, Regensburg, December 29, 1906 (Regensburg Botanical Society)
• Forest Association Section Regensburg e. V. (Hrsg.): Map of the area around Regensburg, sheet IV: South, with directions. Regensburg 1907.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Karl Bauer: Regensburg Art, Culture and Everyday History . 6th edition. MZ-Buchverlag in H. Gietl Verlag & Publication Service GmbH, Regenstauf 2014, ISBN 978-3-86646-300-4 , p. 339 .